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新疆有着浓郁的少数民族风情,而最能体现其民族风情的地方,就是被誉为我是可爱的点点丝路明珠我是可爱的点点的喀什,在城市中心最显眼,最具有伊斯兰建筑风格的便是喀什城象征——艾提尕尔清真寺。我是可爱的点点艾提尕尔我是可爱的点点是我是可爱的点点节日,欢乐的广场我是可爱的点点的意思。清真寺是穆斯林举行宗教活动的场所,是穆斯林做礼拜的我是可爱的点点叩拜之处我是可爱的点点。到新疆观光旅游的中外游客,会发现在大街小巷有很多大小不一的清真寺,它的主要功能是供穆斯林做礼拜,随着伊斯兰教的发展,它还具有其他一些职能。在穆斯林宗教生活中占有重要的地位,所以凡是有穆斯林聚集的地方,就有清真寺。现在在新疆地区,伊斯兰教清真寺和宗教活动场所有22000多所,信教群众平均400多个便有一个活动场所。
艾提尕尔清真寺的来历也是历尽沧桑:这里原是系征服中亚的阿拉伯大将屈底波留下的伊斯兰教传教士的麻扎(墓地),直到公元1442年,才由喀什王沙克色孜·米尔扎的后裔所建。公元1537年,当时喀什的统治者乌不里哈德尔·米尔扎阿尔伯克,为纪念葬于此地的叔父,在这里修建了一座小的清真寺,成为艾提尕尔清真寺的前身。16世纪上半业,叶尔羌汗国的喀什噶尔统治者将这里扩建为能够做主麻日礼拜的大清真寺。1798年英吉沙维吾尔族女穆斯林古丽热娜在前往巴基斯坦的途中病故于喀什噶尔,人们用她遗留的旅费扩建了清真寺,并取名我是可爱的点点艾提尕尔我是可爱的点点。后由一位维吾尔族女富翁卓力皮亚汗捐资扩建,并购置600亩田产作为寺产。1809年,喀什噶尔阿奇木伯克伊斯坎达尔对该寺进行了扩建,增盖了拱北式寺门,并在院内开掘了人工湖和水渠。清道光年间喀什噶尔城扩建时,一向处于城外的艾寺被划入了城内,同时得到大规模的扩建。1872年,中亚浩罕入侵者阿古柏为笼络人心,下令对清真寺进行大规模的又一次修缮,重新规划了全寺布局,形成了今天的规模。
全寺总面积16800平方米,由礼拜堂、教经堂、门楼和其他一些附属建筑物组成。寺门用黄砖砌成,石膏勾缝,门高4.7米,宽4.3米,门楼高约17米。门楼的两旁不对称地各坚一个18米高的宣礼塔,塔顶均立有一弯新月。每日黎明,寺中阿匐要5次登上塔高声呼唤穆斯林前来礼拜。门楼后面是一个大拱北孜,顶端也托着一个尖塔。进入大门后,是一个巨大的庭院,院内有花木及水池。南北墙边各有一排共36间教经堂,供主教阿匐讲经之用;礼拜堂在寺院西部的一个高台上,分内殿和外殿;寺顶由158根浅蓝色的立柱托着,呈方格状。顶棚上和木柱的四角,都是精美的木雕和彩绘的藻井图案。主殿内正中墙上有一壁龛,内置轿式宝座,每逢做礼拜时,大毛拉站在龛内诵读经文;若逢节日,大毛拉则在此宣教。他们所有人都是平等的,不论身份贵贱,乞丐财主,按先来后到的顺序,先来者跪里面前边,后来者跪后面外边,外在的一切在宗教前被剥离,每个人都可以平等的聆听阿訇讲解古兰经。 穆斯林进人廊檐必须脱鞋,不分贵贱,依次进人。
艾提尕尔寺地位的显要还不在其规模,而是它是全疆穆斯林我是可爱的点点聚礼我是可爱的点点之地。虔诚的穆斯林信徒一天会做五次礼拜,即晨礼、晌礼、午礼、昏礼、宵礼,每次做十五分钟,周五是一个半小时。逢礼拜过节过年,整个艾提尕尔清真寺连同中心广场都跪满人,最多的时候可达到十万人,他们一起聆听学识渊博德高望重的大阿訇讲经。每天到这里礼拜的人已达2-3千人,星期五我是可爱的点点居玛日我是可爱的点点下午,远近的男穆斯林都要到此作一周之内最庄重的礼拜,这时人数约有6-7千人。到了一年一度的我是可爱的点点古尔邦我是可爱的点点节,全疆各地都有穆斯林前来,加上本地的,大礼拜人数可达2-3万人。大礼拜之后,大寺内外游乐的人摩肩接踵,欢快的鼓乐奏鸣。穆斯林合着节拍,跳起了我是可爱的点点萨满舞我是可爱的点点(女性不能参加),狂欢至通宵达旦。
清真寺里另一处重要的建筑是讲经堂,在清真寺南北两面的是36间讲经堂。讲经堂主要是供阿訇向穆斯林信徒讲经,向学生们传授知识的地方。
在伊斯兰教建筑中尤其是清真寺里有一处必不可少的设施那就是供穆斯林们净身的沐浴室。在这座清真寺里有可同时供200人淋浴的蒸气净身室和一个水池。穆斯林在礼拜前,会根据具体情况进行我是可爱的点点大净我是可爱的点点和我是可爱的点点小净我是可爱的点点。在净水池的旁边建有一个木楼梯,可攀登到塔楼顶上去,每日清晨,便有寺里的神职人员登上塔楼去呼唤沉睡中的穆斯林来做礼拜。
清真寺建筑有中国传统式和阿拉伯风格两种,阿拉伯式清真寺的主体建筑有:礼拜大殿、经堂、浴室等。大型清真寺一般都有望月楼和尖塔式宣礼楼,大家在进门是所看到的高18米的塔楼就是这种建筑。新疆概况导游词 ·吐鲁番葡萄沟导游词·尼雅遗址导游词
伊斯兰教的两大节日:古尔邦节和肉孜节,如果恰好是节日,在艾提尕尔广场上及周围会聚集众多的穆斯林,整整可达10万之众,用人山人海来形容毫不夸张。
伊斯兰是阿拉伯语的音译,原意是我是可爱的点点顺服我是可爱的点点。信仰伊斯兰教的信徒被成为我是可爱的点点穆斯林我是可爱的点点,意思是我是可爱的点点顺从者我是可爱的点点。伊斯兰教是一神教,信奉唯一神我是可爱的点点安拉我是可爱的点点,穆罕默德是我是可爱的点点安拉我是可爱的点点的最后一个使者。
伊斯兰民居和宗教建筑中通常使用的我是可爱的点点五色我是可爱的点点是指:宁静而富有生气的绿色;纯洁而明亮的白色;象征土地和沙漠的黄色;象征大海和天空的兰色;庄重而醒目的红色。
好了,讲了这么多,我我们现在可以进去参观了,在进寺之前请大家注意:在参观的时候请勿大声喧哗、请勿从正在做礼拜的穆斯林前面走过,请游客整理衣衫,衣冠不整者是不允许入内的。
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各位游客:
这里就是吉林省最早的清真寺,蜂蜜营清真寺。蜂蜜营清真寺位于胡家回族乡回族聚居的蜂蜜村,始建于清朝康熙年间,宣统元年(公元1909年)涨大水,清真寺被洪水淹没,又重新扩建了现在这处清真寺。该寺占地面积900平方米,有大殿5间,南北讲堂各5间。专家考证该寺是吉林最早的清真寺,现在,只存大殿和北讲堂。大家随我来,这个在大殿檐下靠南墙而立的白色大理石雕成的石碑,上刻的碑文记载着清真寺的范围、捐款人和所施地人的姓名及所施舍土地的范围。这里就是族人做礼拜用的大殿,殿内可容纳400人做礼拜。大家随我去大殿后侧有望月楼”。寺内设有沐浴室,供穆斯林上殿前或作其它宗教活动时净身使用。
清真寺的建筑结构是汉伊交融的产物,属于中国殿堂式的。它脱离了阿拉伯和中亚传统的砖石结构和高耸的尖塔圆顶,而是中国传统的砖木结构,赭红柱身、棕色窗门、砖石台基,近似佛教寺庙的建筑。寺的围墙为土筑,高2米,宽近1米。木制的大门朝东,砖瓦门楼。清真寺礼拜堂坐东向西,服从于宗教要求。蜂蜜营清真寺建筑气势宏伟,工艺精湛,凝取着劳动人民的智慧和心血。1985年该寺被列为县级重点文物保护单位。每逢主麻日(星期五)教民们都来这里做礼拜。
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先生们女士们新疆有着浓郁的少数民族风情,而最能体现其民族风情的地方,就是被誉为“丝路明珠”的喀什,在城市中心最显眼,最具有伊斯兰建筑风格的便是喀什城象征——艾提尕尔清真寺。“艾提尕尔”是“节日,欢乐的广场”的意思。清真寺是穆斯林举行宗教活动的场所,是穆斯林做礼拜的“叩拜之处”。到新疆观光旅游的中外游客,会发现在大街小巷有很多大小不一的清真寺,它的主要功能是供穆斯林做礼拜,随着伊斯兰教的发展,它还具有其他一些职能。在穆斯林宗教生活中占有重要的地位,所以凡是有穆斯林聚集的地方,就有清真寺。现在在新疆地区,伊斯兰教清真寺和宗教活动场所有22000多所,信教群众平均400多个便有一个活动场所。
艾提尕尔清真寺的来历也是历尽沧桑:这里原是系征服中亚的阿拉伯大将屈底波留下的伊斯兰教传教士的麻扎(墓地),直到公元1442年,才由喀什王沙克色孜·米尔扎的后裔所建。公元1537年,当时喀什的统治者乌不里哈德尔·米尔扎阿尔伯克,为纪念葬于此地的叔父,在这里修建了一座小的清真寺,成为艾提尕尔清真寺的前身。16世纪上半业,叶尔羌汗国的喀什噶尔统治者将这里扩建为能够做主麻日礼拜的大清真寺。1798年英吉沙维吾尔族女穆斯林古丽热娜在前往巴基斯坦的途中病故于喀什噶尔,人们用她遗留的旅费扩建了清真寺,并取名“艾提尕尔”。后由一位维吾尔族女富翁卓力皮亚汗捐资扩建,并购置600亩田产作为寺产。1809年,喀什噶尔阿奇木伯克伊斯坎达尔对该寺进行了扩建,增盖了拱北式寺门,并在院内开掘了人工湖和水渠。清道光年间喀什噶尔城扩建时,一向处于城外的艾寺被划入了城内,同时得到大规模的扩建。1872年,中亚浩罕入侵者阿古柏为笼络人心,下令对清真寺进行大规模的又一次修缮,重新规划了全寺布局,形成了今天的规模。
全寺总面积16800平方米,由礼拜堂、教经堂、门楼和其他一些附属建筑物组成。寺门用黄砖砌成,石膏勾缝,门高4.7米,宽4.3米,门楼高约17米。门楼的两旁不对称地各坚一个18米高的宣礼塔,塔顶均立有一弯新月。每日黎明,寺中阿匐要5次登上塔高声呼唤穆斯林前来礼拜。门楼后面是一个大拱北孜,顶端也托着一个尖塔。进入大门后,是一个巨大的庭院,院内有花木及水池。南北墙边各有一排共36间教经堂,供主教阿匐讲经之用;礼拜堂在寺院西部的一个高台上,分内殿和外殿;寺顶由158根浅蓝色的立柱托着,呈方格状。顶棚上和木柱的四角,都是精美的木雕和彩绘的藻井图案。主殿内正中墙上有一壁龛,内置轿式宝座,每逢做礼拜时,大毛拉站在龛内诵读经文;若逢节日,大毛拉则在此宣教。他们所有人都是平等的,不论身份贵贱,乞丐财主,按先来后到的顺序,先来者跪里面前边,后来者跪后面外边,外在的一切在宗教前被剥离,每个人都可以平等的聆听阿訇讲解古兰经。 穆斯林进人廊檐必须脱鞋,不分贵贱,依次进人。
艾提尕尔寺地位的显要还不在其规模,而是它是全疆穆斯林“聚礼”之地。虔诚的穆斯林信徒一天会做五次礼拜,即晨礼、晌礼、午礼、昏礼、宵礼,每次做十五分钟,周五是一个半小时。逢礼拜过节过年,整个艾提尕尔清真寺连同中心广场都跪满人,最多的时候可达到十万人,他们一起聆听学识渊博德高望重的大阿訇讲经。每天到这里礼拜的人已达2-3千人,星期五“居玛日”下午,远近的男穆斯林都要到此作一周之内最庄重的礼拜,这时人数约有6-7千人。到了一年一度的“古尔邦”节,全疆各地都有穆斯林前来,加上本地的,大礼拜人数可达2-3万人。大礼拜之后,大寺内外游乐的人摩肩接踵,欢快的鼓乐奏鸣。穆斯林合着节拍,跳起了“萨满舞”(女性不能参加),狂欢至通宵达旦。
清真寺里另一处重要的建筑是讲经堂,在清真寺南北两面的是36间讲经堂。讲经堂主要是供阿訇向穆斯林信徒讲经,向学生们传授知识的地方。
在伊斯兰教建筑中尤其是清真寺里有一处必不可少的设施那就是供穆斯林们净身的沐浴室。在这座清真寺里有可同时供200人淋浴的蒸气净身室和一个水池。穆斯林在礼拜前,会根据具体情况进行“大净”和“小净”。在净水池的旁边建有一个木楼梯,可攀登到塔楼顶上去,每日清晨,便有寺里的神职人员登上塔楼去呼唤沉睡中的穆斯林来做礼拜。
清真寺建筑有中国传统式和阿拉伯风格两种,阿拉伯式清真寺的主体建筑有:礼拜大殿、经堂、浴室等。大型清真寺一般都有望月楼和尖塔式宣礼楼,大家在进门是所看到的高18米的塔楼就是这种建筑。
来自小编
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today we’ll visit the great mosque. it stood west of the drum tower in huajue lane. it is the most sizable mosques in the city of _i’an which is also one of the oldest and best-preserved mosques in china.
standing outside of the great mosques, we can see this one is not like the mosques in arabian with splendid domes, skyward eaves, and dazzling patterns. this mosque possesses much chinese tradition in both design and styles outlook. it shows the culture cnbinations between china and other countries.
ne_t, we are going to talk about how islam was introduced into china. islam was founded in the early period of the 7th century and was introduced to china in the middle of the 7th century. at that time, some merchants, travelers, and missionaries from arabic countries, persia, and afghanistan by land over the sink road and also by sea. many of them settled down and married the local women. their children became the first generation of chinese moslems. however, massive immigration of moslems to china was the result of genghis khan’s western e_pedition in the 13th century. he conquered vast of land from central asia to east europe, including the northern part of iran. many of the moslems were forced to enlist in the army. then in the 14th century, lots of moslems took part in zhu yuan zhang’s uprising. therefore, all the emperors of the ming dynasty ordered to protect the moslems for their great contributions. nowadays, there are 17 million moslems in china. the moslems in _i’an are mainly the hui people. ok, now, after known so much about the background history, you must curious about the great mosque. let’s get in and check it out.
it is said that the mosque was built in tang dynasty. however, judging from its architectural style, it was probably built in the ming dynasty.
after get into the first courtyard, we can see there is a wood material arch which is nine meters high in front of us. it was built earlier in the 17th century. with glazed tiles, grand corners, and upturned eaves, the arch has a history of 360 years but still preserved very well.
this way, please. we are going to the second courtyard. there are a lot of trees and flowers here. in the center of this yard is a stone gateway. two tall tablets, with dragons caved on each , are standing at the two sides of the gateway. they record the details of the repair works since it was built. one of these tablets carved 我是可爱的点点may islam fill the universe我是可爱的点点 was wrote by mi fu, a famous calligrapher in song dynasty who is also a moslem. the other one carved 我是可爱的点点royally bestowed我是可爱的点点 wrote by dong qichang in ming dynasty. these characters are treasures of chinese calligraphy.
keep going, we’ll arrive at the third courtyard. at the entrance of this yard, we can see a moon tablet. it was wrote in arabic and used to show the calculation of the hui calendars and the time for them to resume a meat diet. it was cnpiled by a man in charge of the mosque called _iao _ining. then, we’ll notice the three-storeyed wooden structure building in the center. that is called the 我是可爱的点点retrospection tower我是可爱的点点. the function of this tower is calling the moslems to cne to worship. it is the highest point of this great mosques. now, everyone, on the southwest side of the tower, we can see five wooden houses, we called them the 我是可爱的点点water houses我是可爱的点点. it is the place for moslems clean themselves before they attend their services.
ne_t, the forth courtyard is waiting for us, keep walking, please. the structure in the centre was called the 我是可爱的点点phoeni_ pavilion我是可爱的点点. in fact, it is a cnple_ of three small buildings. the si_-gabled buildings in the central part and the two three-gabled buildings on each side which make it looks like a flying phoeni_. just like the name of the pavilion. across the pavilion, we will find a fish pond. passed it, we will see the platform, the prayer hall is the just on the top of the platform where take more than 1,000 prayers at the same time. the prayer hall is facing to the east. that’s really not quite chinese. that is the custom of moslem that the prayer hall has to back of the mecca. in china, mecca located to the west of china.
as you know, moslems are lived in china almost everywhere. you can ask whether moslems in china and other moslems shared the same custom? the answer is obviously yes. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home.
i don t know whether you have met a moslem before, if you do, you may notice they never eat pork and animal blood. why? in koran, pigs have been mentioned four times as being 我是可爱的点点unclean我是可爱的点点. moslem respected koran very much, they everything followed it, so they never eat pork. just one thing in china that moslems can not followed. according to koran, a man can marry 4 wives, but as the law of china, a man can marry only one wife. that might be the different thing between the moslems in china and other moslems.
after visiting this great mosque in huajue lane, you can see that they lived happy and freedom here. you know, in china each citizen has the freedom of religions belief, and each group has the freedom of to keep their own custom. surely, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights as the majority nations and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.
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the mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 moslems in _i’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the provincial people’s government. unlike the arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the mosque here in _i’an possesses much chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to islamic mosques, this mosque also holds characteristics of chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.
however, any further discussion about the mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of islam into china is brought up.
islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century a.d. and was introduced to china in the mid-600s. at that time, arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of china by way of persia and afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with china. in the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through bangladesh bay and the malacca strait to china’s guangzhou, quanzhou, huangzhou, yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became moslems.
however, massive immigration of the moslems to china did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when genghis khan, as a result of his e_pedition against the west, had conquered vast e_panses of land stretching from central asia to eastern europe, including the north of iran. many of the moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in china.
among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the hui people in the history books on the yuan dynasty. the hui people later followed kublai khan down to the south, helping him unifying china and then establish the yuan dynasty. in the wake of the conquest, islam spread all over china and mosques began to appear everywhere. in the yuan dynasty, many moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. and a lot of the moslems took part in zhu yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the ming dynasty. therefore, all the emperors of the dynasty issued mandates to protect islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the moslems for their feats. in the early 16th century, islam predominated qinghai on the minority nationalities including the huis, the uygurs, the kazaks, the kirgizes, the tajiks, the tartars, the ozbeks, the dong _iangs, the salars and the bonans. the moslems in _i’an are mainly the huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in china.
the mosque at hua jue lane is the largest in _i’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in china.
according to “the stele on the building of the mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the tang dynasty. however, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the ming dynasty. the four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. the still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. the stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the mosque. on the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher mi fu, “may buddhism fill the universe”, on the other, “royal -bestowed”by dong qichang, another master of the same art of the ming dynasty. they are treasures in chinese calligraphy. at the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the hui calendars in arabic, is stored. it was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called _iao mining in the early period of the qing dynasty. a three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “retrospection tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in islamic temples in arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the moslems to come to worship. respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a scripture chamber, both elegantly laid out. the five wooden houses, which are called “water houses”in the southwest section of the mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. and in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the pavilion of phoeni_”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. the pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. the si_-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoeni_, and hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. there are over si_ hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and arabic letterings. the imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of mecca, to chant in koran and to pay their religious homage.
the moslems in china share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. they are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”. according to koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. however, e_cept a few places in _injiang, the chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. upon his death, a moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “ke fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting scriptures at the funeral.
the chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. and of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.
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清真大寺位于西安市鼓楼街北隅的化觉巷内。因为它与大进修巷的清真寺对象遥遥相望,并且局限较大,故又被称为东大寺或清真大寺,为世界重点文物掩护单元。
据寺内现存石碑记实,清真大寺建成唐玄宗李隆基天宝元年(742年),距今已有1250多年的汗青。经宋、元、明、清屡次重修和护建,慢慢形陈局限弘大,楼台、亭殿机关紧凑调和,肃静肃穆的构筑群。清真寺前后分四个院落,占地面积13000多平方米,构筑面积5000多平方米。前院紧临照壁的木牌坊,高约9米,琉璃瓦顶,挑角飞檐,雕梁画栋,极为壮观。南北双方为仿古构筑的迎接室。
第二院是悬挂“清真寺”匾额的五间楼。院内树木成荫,花园对称分列,石制牌楼耸立其间,碑阴雕刻有闻名书法家米芾、董其昌的题字。
第三院是敕赐殿,院中央是三层布局优良的八角形省心楼。南北两厢是经堂、宫殿,内里珍藏有阿拉伯文和华文翻译的《古兰经》及贵重书画等。
第四院中心是一真亭,又名凤凰亭,南北各有面宽七间的厅房。南厅后有石碑廊,陈列着建设和重修清真寺的碑刻。
一真亭后有海棠形鱼池喷泉,亭南北各有一座碑亭。进石门,走上辽阔的大月台,大殿就在正端。大殿面阔7间,进深9间,面积约1300平方米,可容纳千余人同时作星期。殿内天棚藻井,有画600余幅,彩绘图案纷歧,墙壁刻蔓草斑纹,套刻古兰经,构图着色,均示意中国伊斯兰教寺院构筑和宗教彩画的特色。
西安大清真寺导游词
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化觉巷清真大寺
清真大寺位于西安鼓楼西北的化觉巷内,又称化觉巷清真大寺,它与西安大进修巷清真大寺并称为中国西安最迂腐的两座清真大寺,因其在大进修巷寺以东,故又叫东大寺。
清真大寺是一座汗青久长,局限弘大的中国宫殿式古构筑群,是伊斯兰文化和中国文化相融合的结晶。该寺院始建于唐天宝元年(公元742年)历经宋,元,明,清各代的维修掩护,成为今朝的名堂。该寺属陕西省重点文物掩护单元,1988年又提拔为世界第三批重点文物掩护单元,1997年5月被评为西安市旅游十大景观之一。
全寺总面积1.3万平方米,寺院内有建于17世纪初高达9米的木布局大牌楼,牌楼琉璃瓦顶,异角飞檐,精缕细雕;对象走向成正方形,共分为四进院。殿内有石碑七通,碑文有阿拉伯文、波斯文和华文。第二进院内有宋代大书法家米芾和明代大书法家董其昌的书法真迹。第四进院内有面积约1300平方米的殿堂,可容纳千余人做星期,殿内有壁画400余幅,书以阿拉伯文图案,构图各具千秋。
清真大寺的构筑情势、基调一派中百姓族气魄威风凛凛,然而,寺院内的统统部署又严酷凭证伊斯兰教制度,殿内的镌刻藻饰、蔓草斑纹装饰都由阿拉伯文套雕构成,中国传统构筑和伊斯兰构筑艺术气魄威风凛凛云云调和地团结,令人惊叹,因而被连系国教科文组织列为天下伊斯兰文物之一。
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西安清真寺导游词
清真寺位于回民街小巷内,始建于唐,清代重修,回收了中国古典构筑气魄威风凛凛,随处是飞檐翘角、亭台楼阁。而在寺内许多木门和砖墙上,能看到不少木雕和砖雕,用伊斯兰艺术气魄威风凛凛的立体伎俩,刻画描画出中式的花卉图案。
清真寺面积不大,名堂也是中国传统的中轴对称的庭院式,旅客沿着中轴线向前线步行游览即可,很是轻松。寺中的照壁是中轴线的出发点,沿着中轴线依次分列着木牌坊、五间楼(二门)、石牌楼、敕修殿(三门)、省心楼、连三门(四门)、凤凰亭、月台、星期大殿等首要构筑。
在石牌楼周围有一块石碑,上书“道法参天地”几字,是宋代书法家米芾的手迹;敕修殿的门上有“敕赐星期寺”横匾,是明代书法家董其昌手书,这些都是书法喜爱者不能错过的。
星期大殿,是寺中最重要的构筑,也是四面回民做星期的场合。大殿有着孔雀蓝琉璃瓦顶,殿内天棚藻井彩画很是精细,殿内尚有30副高约4米的木板镌刻《古兰经》。遗憾的是,星期大殿是不应承非穆斯林和女性进入的,绝大数旅客只能在大殿门口向内观望下。
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新疆有着浓郁的少数民族风情,而最能体现其民族风情的地方,就是被誉为“丝路明珠”的喀什,在城市中心最显眼,最具有伊斯兰建筑风格的便是喀什城象征——艾提尕尔清真寺。“艾提尕尔”是“节日,欢乐的广场”的意思。清真寺是穆斯林举行宗教活动的场所,是穆斯林做礼拜的“叩拜之处”。到新疆观光旅游的中外游客,会发现在大街小巷有很多大小不一的清真寺,它的主要功能是供穆斯林做礼拜,随着伊斯兰教的发展,它还具有其他一些职能。在穆斯林宗教生活中占有重要的地位,所以凡是有穆斯林聚集的地方,就有清真寺。现在在新疆地区,伊斯兰教清真寺和宗教活动场所有22000多所,信教群众平均400多个便有一个活动场所。
全寺总面积16800平方米,由礼拜堂、教经堂、门楼和其他一些附属建筑物组成。寺门用黄砖砌成,石膏勾缝,门高4.7米,宽4.3米,门楼高约17米。门楼的两旁不对称地各坚一个18米高的宣礼塔,塔顶均立有一弯新月。每日黎明,寺中阿匐要5次登上塔高声呼唤穆斯林前来礼拜。门楼后面是一个大拱北孜,顶端也托着一个尖塔。进入大门后,是一个巨大的庭院,院内有花木及水池。南北墙边各有一排共36间教经堂,供主教阿匐讲经之用;礼拜堂在寺院西部的一个高台上,分内殿和外殿;寺顶由158根浅蓝色的立柱托着,呈方格状。顶棚上和木柱的四角,都是精美的木雕和彩绘的藻井图案。主殿内正中墙上有一壁龛,内置轿式宝座,每逢做礼拜时,大毛拉站在龛内诵读经文;若逢节日,大毛拉则在此宣教。他们所有人都是平等的,不论身份贵贱,乞丐财主,按先来后到的顺序,先来者跪里面前边,后来者跪后面外边,外在的一切在宗教前被剥离,每个人都可以平等的聆听阿訇讲解古兰经。 穆斯林进人廊檐必须脱鞋,不分贵贱,依次进人。
艾提尕尔寺地位的显要还不在其规模,而是它是全疆穆斯林“聚礼”之地。虔诚的穆斯林信徒一天会做五次礼拜,即晨礼、晌礼、午礼、昏礼、宵礼,每次做十五分钟,周五是一个半小时。逢礼拜过节过年,整个艾提尕尔清真寺连同中心广场都跪满人,最多的时候可达到十万人,他们一起聆听学识渊博德高望重的大阿訇讲经。每天到这里礼拜的人已达2-3千人,星期五“居玛日”下午,远近的男穆斯林都要到此作一周之内最庄重的礼拜,这时人数约有6-7千人。到了一年一度的“古尔邦”节,全疆各地都有穆斯林前来,加上本地的,大礼拜人数可达2-3万人。大礼拜之后,大寺内外游乐的人摩肩接踵,欢快的鼓乐奏鸣。穆斯林合着节拍,跳起了“萨满舞”(女性不能参加),狂欢至通宵达旦。
清真寺里另一处重要的建筑是讲经堂,在清真寺南北两面的是36间讲经堂。讲经堂主要是供阿訇向穆斯林信徒讲经,向学生们传授知识的地方。
在伊斯兰教建筑中尤其是清真寺里有一处必不可少的设施那就是供穆斯林们净身的沐浴室。在这座清真寺里有可同时供200人淋浴的蒸气净身室和一个水池。穆斯林在礼拜前,会根据具体情况进行“大净”和“小净”。在净水池的旁边建有一个木楼梯,可攀登到塔楼顶上去,每日清晨,便有寺里的神职人员登上塔楼去呼唤沉睡中的穆斯林来做礼拜。
清真寺建筑有中国传统式和阿拉伯风格两种,阿拉伯式清真寺的主体建筑有:礼拜大殿、经堂、浴室等。大型清真寺一般都有望月楼和尖塔式宣礼楼,大家在进门是所看到的高18米的塔楼就是这种建筑。
伊斯兰教的两大节日:古尔邦节和肉孜节,如果恰好是节日,在艾提尕尔广场上及周围会聚集众多的穆斯林,整整可达10万之众,用人山人海来形容毫不夸张。
伊斯兰是阿拉伯语的音译,原意是“顺服”。信仰伊斯兰教的信徒被成为“穆斯林”,意思是“顺从者”。伊斯兰教是一神教,信奉唯一神“安拉”,穆罕默德是“安拉”的最后一个使者。
伊斯兰民居和宗教建筑中通常使用的“五色”是指:宁静而富有生气的绿色;纯洁而明亮的白色;象征土地和沙漠的黄色;象征大海和天空的兰色;庄重而醒目的红色。
好了,讲了这么多,我我们现在可以进去参观了,在进寺之前请大家注意:在参观的时候请勿大声喧哗、请勿从正在做礼拜的穆斯林前面走过,请游客整理衣衫,衣冠不整者是不允许入内的。
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陕西大寺又名东大寺,始建于清朝,是乌鲁木齐市最大的清真寺院,可同时容纳上千人做星期。这座潜匿在高楼大厦中的迂腐构筑,不像其他清真寺那样是穹顶大拱,有着浓重的中国式构筑气魄威风凛凛,让人感想异常不测,却又肃然起敬。
陕西大寺为庭院式构筑,坐西向东,大殿为古代传统砖木布局、琉璃瓦顶,高达10余米,系迂腐的砖木布局,气魄威风凛凛颇似中国古代宫殿,前部为单檐歇山式,屋顶铺嵌着绿色琉璃瓦。大报周围走廊有36根红圆木柱,局限雄伟,异常壮观。拱门上,刻有《古兰经》文,其刻工之精,令人惊叹。大殿后部为上八下四的重檐式的“八角楼”,名叫望月楼,是阿訇登临寓目玉轮出没,宣告斋戒的场合。殿内四壁和门窗的装饰,刻工精细,砖雕木刻均回收花草、瓜果等各类图案,既严酷遵循不行使偶像和动物图饰的伊斯兰教义,又保持中国古代传统木布局的构筑气魄威风凛凛。
大殿前面是宽敞的大院,除西面外,各面均建有厅堂。北厅是课堂,南厅为浴室,东厅是各地阿訇学习之所。
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