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旅客们各人好,我是这次带你们去旅行气魄宏伟的秦戎马俑的导游,我姓丁,各人可以叫我丁导游。
秦戎马俑是在西安的临潼出土 ,它全球无双,局限弘大,差不多有五十个篮球场那么大。
戎马俑不只局限弘大,并且范例浩瀚,本性光鲜。
将军桶身段魁梧,头戴鶡冠,身披铠甲,手握宝剑,仰面挺胸,那模样外形自若的样子,一看就知道是久经疆场,重任在肩。
骑兵俑上身着短甲,下身着紧口裤,足登长靴,右手执缰绳,左手持弓箭,仿佛随时要上马冲杀。
每个戎马俑都是极为精细的艺术品,它模样外形各异,有的紧握双拳,仿佛在听军号,待命出征;有的注视远方,好象在忖量亲人……走近它们身旁,险些能感想呼吸声。
我的讲授完了,请各人去逐步“咀嚼”吧!
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emperor qin shihuang (259-210b.c.) had ying as his surname and zheng as his given name. he name to the throne of the qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. by 221 b.c., he had anne_ed the si_ rival principalities of qi, chu, yan, han, zhao and wei, and established the first feudal empire in china’s history.
in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.
after he had anne_ed the other si_ states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned e_cept those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.”
emperor qin shihuang,for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been e_cavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot e_cavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and lu_urious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.
no.1 pit was stumbled upon in march 1974 when villagers of _iyang village of yanzhai township, lintong county, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. in 1976, no.2 and 3 pits were found 20m north of no.1 pit respectively after the drilling survey. the terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. this discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. in 1975, a museum, housing the site of no.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the state council. the museum was formally opened to public on oct.1, the national day, 1979.
no.1 pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. it is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. there are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. the pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. the battle formation of the qin dynasty, facing east. in the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. they are supposed to be the van of the formation. immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. they are probably the main body of the formation. there is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. they are probably the flanks and the rear. there are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from no.1 pit.
no.2 pit sis about half the size of no.1 pit, covering about 6,000 square meters trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. the 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. but their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. the copper parts of the chariots still remain. each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. according to te_tual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of he_i corridor. the horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.
no.3 pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. now, no.2 and 3 pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the e_hibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. the floors of both no.1 and 2 pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. in these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. analysis shows that the pits were burned down by _iang yu, leader of a peasant army. all of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing emperor qin shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the si_ states and unifying the whole country.
the height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. they look healthy and strong and have different facial e_pressions. probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the qin dynasy. they organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the si_ traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. the clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. as the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. however, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. they are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-a_es, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. these weapons were e_quisitely made. some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. this indicates that qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
in december 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum. these single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. the four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. the restored bronze chariots and horses are e_act imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
the chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. they have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking lu_urious, splendid and graceful. probably they were meant for the use of emperor qin shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. the bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wa_ casting, which shows a high level of technology. for instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. according to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. the e_cavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides e_tremely valuable material and data for the te_tual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the qin dynasty.
no.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when e_cavated. after two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally e_hibited in the museum on october 1, 1983. no.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
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各位游客:
大家上午好,我是秦始皇兵马俑旅行社的导游,我姓陶,名菁,你们可以叫我陶导,也可以叫我小陶。在这里,我首先提一个小小的要求,就是在我们游览的时候请注意里面的卫生。希望大家今天在我的带领下可以开开心心地度过。
秦始皇兵马俑博物馆里面一共有三个俑坑,一号,二号,三号。一号俑坑最大。接下来我们就去一号俑坑看看吧!
看吧,我们现在所在的位子就是一号俑坑,它的东西长230米,南北宽62米,总面积14260平方米。坑里的兵马俑一行行、一列列,十分整齐,排成了一个巨大的长方形军阵,真像是秦始皇当年统率的一支南征北战、所向披靡的大军。
我们在三个俑坑中发掘出大量的陶俑、战车、兵器。坑内出土的剑、矛、戟、弯弓等青铜兵器,虽然埋在土里已有两千多年,依然刃锋锐利、闪闪发光,可谓是冶金史上的奇迹。
已发掘的三个俑坑,总面积近20000平方米,差不多有五十个篮球场那么大,坑内有兵马俑近八千个。你们知道为什么秦始皇陵有那么多兵马俑吗?因为:俑在中国历史上有一定的位置,它能充分反映主人生前的地位、权势和威严,所以许多朝代都有专门负责制造俑的机构。秦始皇建立了中国历史上第一个统一的中央集权的封建国家,在中国历史上具有重要的地位,因此,他的陵墓也要反映出他生前的业绩。那么多的兵马俑作陪葬,展现了秦军的编制、装备和战争阵法,反映了秦军的强大。
你们看,这是什么?——对!这是将军俑,它身材魁梧,头戴鹖冠,身上披着铠甲,手握宝剑,昂首挺胸。这些是武士俑,平均身高约1.8米,体格健壮,体形匀称。它们身穿战袍,披挂铠甲,脚登前端向上翘起的战靴,手持兵器,整装待发。
像这样的俑还有很多,请大家在参观过程中千万注意环境卫生,也不要乱摸,这些俑都是用土做的,很容易损坏的,希望大家好好保护我们的活化石。
接下来,请大家自由到二号、三号坑参观留影,2个小时后在大门口集合。
由于时间的关系,我们今天的游览到此结束,希望大家平平安安地回家,有机会再来西安,我愿意再为大家服务。
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emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta warriors and horses museum
emperor qin shihuang (259-210b.c.) had ying as his surname and zheng as his given name. he name to the throne of the qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. by 221 b.c., he had anne_ed the si_ rival principalities of qi, chu, yan, han, zhao and wei, and established the first feudal empire in china’s history.
in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.
after he had anne_ed the other si_ states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned e_cept those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history我是可爱的点点the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.我是可爱的点点
emperor qin shihuang,for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been e_cavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot e_cavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and lu_urious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.
no.1 pit was stumbled upon in march 1974 when villagers of _iyang village of yanzhai township, lintong county, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. in 1976, no.2 and 3 pits were found 20m north of no.1 pit respectively after the drilling survey. the terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. this discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. in 1975, a museum, housing the site of no.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the state council. the museum was formally opened to public on oct.1, the national day, 1979.
no.1 pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. it is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. there are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. the pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. the battle formation of the qin dynasty, facing east. in the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. they are supposed to be the van of the formation. immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. they are probably the main body of the formation. there is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. they are probably the flanks and the rear. there are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from no.1 pit.
no.2 pit sis about half the size of no.1 pit, covering about 6,000 square meters trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. the 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. but their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. the copper parts of the chariots still remain. each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. according to te_tual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of he_i corridor. the horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.
no.3 pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. now, no.2 and 3 pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the e_hibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. the floors of both no.1 and 2 pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. in these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. analysis shows that the pits were burned down by _iang yu, leader of a peasant army. all of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing emperor qin shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the si_ states and unifying the whole country.
the height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. they look healthy and strong and have different facial e_pressions. probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the qin dynasy. they organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the si_ traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. the clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. as the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. however, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. they are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-a_es, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. these weapons were e_quisitely made. some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. this indicates that qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
in december 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum. these single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. the four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. the restored bronze chariots and horses are e_act imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
the chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. they have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking lu_urious, splendid and graceful. probably they were meant for the use of emperor qin shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. the bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wa_ casting, which shows a high level of technology. for instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. according to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. the e_cavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides e_tremely valuable material and data for the te_tual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the qin dynasty.
no.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when e_cavated. after two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally e_hibited in the museum on october 1, 1983. no.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
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emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta warriors and horses museum
in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.
after he had anne_ed the other si_ states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned e_cept those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history我是可爱的点点the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.我是可爱的点点
emperor qin shihuang,for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been e_cavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot e_cavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and lu_urious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.
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西安秦始皇兵马俑博物馆导游词
各位游客,大家好!欢迎来到美丽的西安,今天我们所要参观的我是可爱的点点我是可爱的点点历史我是可爱的点点我是可爱的点点悠久的秦始皇陵兵马俑。
秦始皇陵兵马俑陪葬坑,可称作世界上最大的地下军事博物馆。它南依骊山,北临渭水,环境优美,地势险峻。在1978年,法国前总统希拉克参观后说:“世界上有了七大奇迹,秦俑的发现,可以说是八大奇迹了。不看金字塔,不算到埃及;不看秦俑,不算到中国。”因此,1978年12月21日,联合国教科文组织将秦兵马俑列入了《世界遗产名录》。是啊,世上并不缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛。
让我们进去看看吧!已发掘的三个俑坑中,一号坑最大,总面积14260平方米,兵马俑数最多,有六千多个。
快看!站在最前面的是将军俑。将军俑身材魁梧,头戴鹖冠,身披铠甲,手握宝剑,昂首挺胸。那神态自若的样子,一看就知道是久经沙场,重任在肩了。
将军俑后面的是武士俑,武士俑平均身高约1.8米,体格健壮,体形匀称。它们身穿战袍,披挂铠甲,脚登前端向上翘起的战靴,手持兵器,整装待发。
最后面的是骑兵俑,它们上身着战甲,下身着紧口裤,足登长靴,右手执缰绳,左手持弓箭。
陶马与真马一般大小,一匹匹形体健壮,肌肉丰满。有的好像等人骑在它背上,才站起来似的;有的那跃跃越试的样子,好像一声令下,就会撒开四蹄,腾空而起,踏上征程。
每个兵马俑都是极为精美的艺术珍品,仔细端详,神态各异,有的领首低眉,若有所思,好像在考虑如何相互配合,战胜敌人;有的目光炯炯,神态庄重,好像在暗下决心,誓言秦国统一天下作殊死拼搏;有的紧握双拳,好像在听侯号角,待命出征;有的凝视远方,好像在思念家乡的亲人……走近它们的身旁,似乎能感受到轻微的呼吸声。
今天的观光游览就要结束了,希望西安秦始皇陵兵马俑之游能成为您记忆中最美好的一段时光,再见!
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狂天,我们将参观举世闻名的秦始皇兵马俑博物馆。秦兵马俑博物馆位于西安市以东35公里处。法国总统希拉克曾留言说过:我是可爱的点点世界上原有七大奇迹,秦兵马俑的发现,可以说是第八大奇迹了。不看金字塔。不算真正到过埃及‘不看秦俑,不算真正到过中国。我是可爱的点点1987年12月,秦始皇陵及秦始皇陵兵马俑被列入世界文化遗产。下面,我给大家介绍一下被称为千古一帝的秦始皇。
秦始皇于公元前259年生于赵国国都邯郸。13岁继承了王位。22岁举行加冕礼亲政并平息了嫪毐吕不韦的叛乱。从公元前230年到公元前221年,用10年的时间灭亡了东方六国,结束了春秋战国以来长达500多年各诸侯国割据称雄的混乱局面,建立了我国历史上第一个中央集权制的封建王朝——秦。为封建社会经济、政治、思想文化的迅速发展奠定了基础。
秦始皇认为自己我是可爱的点点功高三皇,德过五帝我是可爱的点点于是各取一字称皇帝,并希望子孙千世万世,于是自称始皇帝。为了巩固统一,加强统治,他建立了以自己为中心的三公九卿官僚制度,以郡县制取代分封制,同一法律、文字、货币和度量衡,统一车轨,修驰道;统一思想,焚书坑儒;北击匈奴筑长城,南平百越修灵渠,这一系列的措施,对后世都产生了深远的影响。公元210年,秦始皇在第五次出巡中,暴病死于河北沙丘,同年葬于临潼骊山的陵墓之中。
秦始皇帝陵南靠骊山,背面与渭水相邻。骊山风景如画,绿树成荫。现在我们就来到了秦始皇陵,我们看到的这个巨大的封土堆,就是秦陵了。
秦兵马俑博物馆是我国最大的遗址性专题博物馆。展出的文物距今约20__多年的秦兵马俑和铜车马。秦俑坑是1974年时,由西杨村的几个农民在抗旱打井时意外发现的。考古学家根据发现时间的先后,把它们编为一、二、三号坑。秦兵俑出土后,以其严密的军事组织,雄伟壮观的气势,精美的雕刻艺术,深厚的文化内涵征服了世界,被誉为我是可爱的点点20世纪最伟大的考古发现之一我是可爱的点点,被誉为我是可爱的点点世界第八大奇迹我是可爱的点点1987年12月秦始皇兵马俑被列入世界文化遗产名录。总面积为2万平方米。有陶俑、陶马8000多件。是一座庞大的地下军阵,也是一座重要的古代艺术宝库。秦俑坑是秦军的缩影,它生动的再现了当时秦国兵强马壮的威武场面。李白在诗中描写的我是可爱的点点秦王扫六合,虎视何雄哉!挥剑决浮云,诸侯尽西来。我是可爱的点点即时对秦军的气势作了生动的描写。
我们现在来到的就是一号坑,它是三个俑坑中面积最大的一个。它东西长230米,南北宽62米,深5米,面积14260平方米,相当于两个足球场的面积。一号坑是由步兵和车兵组成的军阵。所谓军阵就是部队在作战或驻守时的一种排队的方式。一号坑是以长方阵的排列方式,由前锋、主体、侧翼、后卫四部分组成。我们现在所看到面东而立的就是前锋部队。它一共是3排,每排70件,共210件。南、北、西端各有一排面外而立的武士俑是侧翼和后卫,他们是为了防止敌人旁敲侧击和从背后偷袭。中间有38路面东而立的纵队,是由步兵和骑兵组成,构成了整个军阵的主体。参观到这里,可能就有人要问了,他是怎样制作的呢?我们说亲用的制作可以用四句话来形容:我是可爱的点点模塑结合、分段制作、入窑烧制、出窑彩绘。我是可爱的点点他们是以泥土为原料,模塑结合,再辅以推,捏、刮、刻等技法。温度一般在950—1050摄氏度之间。
三号坑位于一号坑以北25米处。面积为520平方米,平面呈凹字形,是三个俑坑中面积最小的一个。共出土四马、一车和68个陶俑。三号坑陶俑的排列形式是面向内相向夹道式排列。在三号坑中只发现了一种无刃兵器——铜殳。铜殳(shu)是一种用于仪仗的兵器。根据专家推测,这里可能是整个地下军队的指挥部。三号坑主要由车马房、南北厢房组成。车马房位于俑坑的中部,面对坑道的东门,这样便于车马进入。而北厢房位于俑坑的北部。在北厢房内发现祷战厅。南厢房位于俑坑的南部,它从东向西依次排列着廊坊、俑道、正厅和偏房。它们都有武士俑分立于两边,其中以正厅的警卫最多。这里可能是召开军事会议的场所。这一点也就完全证实了三号坑是一个地下军队的指挥部——军幕。秦俑坑当中既有我是可爱的点点决胜于千里之外我是可爱的点点的强大军阵,又有我是可爱的点点运筹于帷幄之中我是可爱的点点的将领,可见当时思虑严密,布局严谨了。而且战车通身彩绘配上华盖,车上的成员头戴单卷尾长冠,应该是级别较高的指挥车了。
在一号坑以北20米处,是秦始皇兵马俑的二号坑。它的平面呈曲尺形,面积为6000多平方米,是由步兵、骑兵、车兵和混合兵种组成的军阵。他一共由四个小的单元构成。第一个小阵是弩兵阵,其中约160个铠甲俑做跪射状,170个铠甲俑作立射状。临阵时,可轮番射击敌人难以靠近:第二个小阵是车兵阵,共有战车64乘,武士俑192件;第三个小阵是由战车、车兵、步兵、骑兵混编的纵阵。这四个单元可以有机的构成一个大的军阵,也可以分开成四个独立的小的军阵。它能攻能守,反应迅速,自我保护力强,可以说是当时世界上反应最快速的一支部队。
在二号坑中出土了大量的陶俑,其中有将军俑、跪射俑、骑兵俑等。我们现在所看到的就是一个从二号坑中出土的将军俑。将军在军队中具有特殊的身份,所以他处处显得与众不同。将军俑头戴双卷鹖尾长冠,冠带在颈下结绳并下垂胸前。将军俑所戴的冠叫我是可爱的点点鹖冠我是可爱的点点。据说鹖是一种性情勇猛、善斗的鸟。将军俑身穿双重战袍,战袍外面的铠甲形制特殊。双肩及前后胸共有8个彩绸扎成的花结,象征我们现在所说的军工章。他脚蹬翘尖靴,双手相叠置于腹前,显得儒雅稳健,气度不凡。他手指前方,仿佛正在指挥千军万马如何作战。
现在我们看到的这个跪射俑,身穿战袍,外披铠甲,头顶左侧挽一发髻,脚登方口齐头翘尖履,左腿蹲曲,右膝着地,上体微向左侧转,双手在身体右侧一上一下作握弓状,表现出一个持弓的单兵操练动作。
现在展示在各位面前的就是秦兵马俑坑中出土的最引人注目的一把青铜剑了。我是可爱的点点青铜我是可爱的点点就是铜和锡的合金,因颜色青灰而得名。这把青铜剑已历经了20__多年,但是表面并没有生锈,至今仍然是锋利无比。在它刚刚出土时,专家们曾经用它一次划透了20张纸。经过鉴定,发现它表面有铬盐氧化层。它采用了铬盐氧化技术。铬盐氧化技术有两种:一种是电子镀铬,在20世纪30年代由德国人发明。另一种是化学镀铬,在我国两千多年前就已经发明出来了,这一点实在是令人叹服!
下面我将要带领大家前去欣赏的是被誉为我是可爱的点点奇中之奇,宝中之宝的秦陵彩绘铜车马。
如果说秦俑坑是大中显武的话,那么铜车马展厅就是小里透文了。前面的一号车为我是可爱的点点高车我是可爱的点点。总重为1061公斤。后面的这辆为我是可爱的点点鞍车我是可爱的点点总重1241公斤。
我们再来看一下二号车上的华盖。华盖最厚处为4毫米,最薄处为2毫米。铜车马采用了铸造、镶嵌、焊接子母扣连接而成的。最为广泛的是子母扣连接,也就是我们今天所采用的手表链的连接方法。像马龙头就是由一节金管,一节银管,采用子母扣连接而成的,装饰的是缨络,采用了青铜拔丝法。他们是迄今为止考古史上发现的形体最大、构造最复杂、制造最精美、驾系关系最完整的铜车马被誉为我是可爱的点点青铜器之冠我是可爱的点点。
我的讲解就到这里结束了,希望我有限的讲解内给大家带来无限的收获和快乐!
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各位尊敬的游客:
你们好!欢迎大家来到世界文化遗产地-秦兵马俑博物馆,我叫何昱呈,很高兴成为大家的导游!
秦兵马俑博物馆位于西安市东35公里处。法国前总统希拉克曾留言说:不看金字塔,不算到埃及;不看秦俑,不算到中国。从这些高度凝结的话语中,我们不难看出秦俑的历史价值及艺术价值。 兵马俑的规模宏大。目前已发掘了三个俑坑,总面积近20000平方米,差不多有平时的50个篮球场那么大,坑内有兵马俑8000个左右。
现在我们来到的地方是一号坑,也是三个坑中最大的一个俑坑,东西长230米,南北宽62米,总面积14260平方米,你看都了占三个俑坑总面积一半还多呢!既然面积那么大,那么数量也非常多,有6000多个。
你们请看,那身材魁梧,头戴曷冠,身披铠甲,手握宝剑,昂首挺胸的就是将军俑。看他那神态自若的表情就知道是久经沙场,重任在肩。
再看那些武士俑,平均身高1.8米,体形匀称。他们身穿战袍,披挂铠甲,脚登前端向上翘起的战靴,手持兵器,整装待发。 瞧,骑兵俑上身着短甲,下身穿着紧口裤足登长靴右手执缰绳,左手持弓箭,好像随时准备上马冲杀。
游客们,我就介绍到这里了,现在给一个小时的自由时间让大家慢慢观赏。大家在游玩的时候请爱护文物,不要乱丢垃圾。谢谢大家的合作,祝大家玩的愉快!
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以下是__为大家整理的陕西秦始皇兵马俑博物馆导游词范文!!!
尊敬的女士们、先生们:
今天,我们将参观秦兵马俑博物馆。秦兵马俑博物馆位于酉安市东35公里处,从喜来登酒店坐车到那里大约需要50分钟时间。自秦兵马俑博物馆于1979年10月1日开馆至今,已有为效众多国家的党政首脑都参观过这个博物馆,更有数以百万计的中外游客不远干里来参观这个人类奇迹。法国总统希拉克曾留言说过:“世界上原有七大奇迹,秦兵马俑的发现,可以说是第八大奇迹了。不看金字塔.不算真正到过埃及‘不看秦俑,不算真正到过中国。”美国前副总统蒙代尔也说;“这是真正的奇迹。全世界人民都应该到这里看一看。”从这些高度凝练的话语中,我们不难看出秦俑的历史价值及艺术价值。下面,我想把秦始皇这位成就一代伟业的历史巨人介绍给诸位,以便使大家能对秦始皇兵马俑和与之相关的历史有一个较详尽的了解。
谈秦兵马俑,必须先介绍一下面赢政。公元前259年,一代伟人赢政诞生了。13岁时,其父死后.他继承了王位。按照泰国惯例.国王在22岁举行过“加冕礼”以后,才可以亲自执政。当时.秦国的大权仍攀握在太后、相国吕不韦、宦官谬瘪(1606i)手中。特别是螺贞.手握大权,炙手可热,他见宛改逐渐长大,便阴谋叛乱.夺取政权。公元前238年,22岁的赢政去故都雍城纳新年宫举行加冕礼。谬酉在从霸年宫回咸阳的路上埋下伏兵,准备将赢政杀死。当赢政察觉此事后,凭优势兵力订败锣盔,将其生擒并车裂致死。赢政亲致以后.以吕不韦放纵嫁亮为名,放逐日不韦。吕不韦后来饮毒洒自毙。这样,赢政顺利地消灭了政权内部的两大敌对势力,巩固了自身的地位。
为了进一步巩固君主权力,赢政选用了一批精明强干酌文臣武将,如掌握军事的尉缭,攀管国欧的李斯。接着,赢政制定了远交近攻、离间外敌、各个击破的战赂方针,开始统一中国,结束了春秋战国以来长达500多年各诸侯国割据称雄的混乱局面。从公元前230年到公元前221年,在不到io年的时间里,泰国灭亡了6国,终于完成了统一大业,建立了第一个中央集权的封建国家,为封建社会经济、政治、思想文化的迅速发展奠定了基础。这又一次显示了赢政的维才大赂。
赢政称自己为始皇帝.因为他希望他的子孙后代能把他所创立的政权干代万代传下去。为此.他整顿了官僚制度。第一.从中央到地方的官吏全由他亲自任免;第二,废除分封制,推行郡县制。第三.秦始皇还统一了法律、文字、货币、度量衡等。这些措施极大地推动了封建社会政治、经济、文化的发展。另外,他还征用劳役,广修驰道,使各地交通便利,以利经济文化的交流。他将战国时期秦、赵、燕三国修筑的长城连在一起后.又加以扩展,形成了西起甘肃临挑,东到辽东因石的万里长城,有效地遏制tjb方游牧部族对案朝的骚扰。
中国皇帝大都为自己营造巨大而豪华的陵墓。在这一点上,案始皇也不例外。在他13岁刚即位时,就下令为其修建陵墓。这座原高120米.周长__多米的巨大陵丘、虽经风雨侵蚀和人为破坏,现在仍有76米之高,g长400多米之大.案始皇把都城威阳微缩于自己的陵园内,其布局几乎完全相同。陵园内城西北部为献殿建筑区,陵东北部洼地是用以祭记的养鱼池,陵园外城西北角是石料加工场.陵西外城之外是一个大坟场。据史书记载,秦朝全国总人口约__万,壮丁不过700万,而筑陵时,壮丁最多达70万,可见工程之浩大。
案始皇的陵寝如同一座庞大的地下宫殿,真可谓是一座地下“福地天堂”。墓室屋顶有天文星宿图,t是由各种均馅生辉的珠宝构成的,下边有五岳、九州以及由机械驱动水银构成的江河湖海。另外,还没有让百官朝拜案始皇的大厅。为防止盗威,每座墓门上都安有自动发射的弓箭。整个陵墓可以说是一个金碧辉煌,固若金汤的地下王官。案始皇把生前所享受的一切也搬到了地下.供他在另一个世界继续享用。他连那些为他伴驾b不曾生育的宫女,以及辛勤修建地下陵寝的工匠们都不放过.下令在他人殆时,将这些人统统活埋,为的是不让宫女外嫁他人,不让陵寝内的秘密泄露。
现在,我们面对的是秦俑馆一号坑,坑里就是号称“世界第八大奇迹”的秦兵马俑。面对威武整肃的庞大军阵,你们的脑子里一定会闪现如下问题:这些秦佣是怎么发现的?为什么他们的相貌各异?为什么要制作这些俑?1、2、3号坑里共有多少俑等等。好,现在我就一一回答大家的这些问题。
这些俑是1974年3月西杨村农民们在打井的过程中发现的。据村里的老人讲.早在明朝,就有人在这里发现了秦俑。有一天,住在村里的难民在村外空地上订了一口井,井水清澈,甚是喜人,可是第二天他们却发现井底的水不见了。他们中胆大的腰系绳子,下去查看。不一会儿.井里传来惊叫声,上面的人暖紧把井里的人拉上来。这人说,他看见一个站立着的、身穿盔甲的怪物.伸手要抓他。听者都非常害怕,想赶快用土回填那口井。但他们最终决定报告文物部门。
经过考古专家们的勘探、鉴定.秦捅馆内的t、2、3号坑被确认为案始皇棱的陪葬坑。从1974年到1979年,经过5年的艰苦努力,在1号坑遗址上矗立起一座气势宏伟、结构科学的建筑物。这就是1979年10月对国内外游客开放的素兵马俑1号坑。3号坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日对外开放。现在,在2号坑的遗址上,一座大理石建筑又落成了,它于1994年11月开始接待游客。从此,3个俑坑全都被保护在建筑物里,不再经受风吹日晒雨淋。在供游人观看、怀古的同时,考古工作者们还在这里继续发掘整理兵马俑。
经测量,1号坑东西长330米,南北宽62米,面积4260平方米。侗坑的最东端是3gf面向东的武士,每排7个,共210个捅。他们是部队的前锋。前锋部队的后面为部队的主体,他们被诽成38路纵队,站在11个坑道里。每个坑道都是青砖铺地,坑道内例的两边,每隔2米就有1根立柱。这些立柱支撑着木质屋顶,屋顶上是织成“人”字形的纹席.席上是土。整个坑道距地表5米深。另外,在坑道的南、北、西三面备有一列面向外的武士.他们分别是部队的右翼、左翼和后卫。现在,1号坑已出土1000多件陶桶。根据推剿.全部发掘完后.仅1号坑就将出土6000多个兵马桶。
这里是1994年11月开放的2号坑。它是由车兵、骑兵和步兵构成的曲尺形方阵。估计可出土兵侗1000多件,车马和鞍马500多匹。2号坑占地6000平方米。它东面突出部分为一个小方阵,6334个弯兵桶组成。2号坑南部为64乘战车组成纳方阵,每排有8辆战车,共8诽;中部为19辆战车和随车徒手兵涌;北部是战车和骑兵。北部是由战车6乘、鞍马和骑兵各124件组成的骑兵阵。
现在,我们来到了3号坑,它位于2号坑西边25米处。这个坑是1976年发现的。它里凹字形,占地520平方米。在3号坑里,考古专家们只发现1辆战车和64件武士捅。它们两两相对站立,手捏仪卫兵器曼(sh6)。大多数考古专家认为,从这个坑里武士的排列方式和手中所握的兵器,以及该坑与秦陵的位置来判断,3号坑是整个军阵的指挥部。据估计,等1、2、3导坑全部开损后,将出土8000多件陶佰。这些佰相貌各异:有的沉稳刚毅,有的英勇果敢,有的慈善含笑。可谓杨杨如生,神情各异。因为,它们全是根据秦始皇彻林军中的将士们制作的,因此,在8000“地下御林军”中,弥绝对找不到两个相貌、形体相同的捅。他们一个个气废不凡,最重的有300多公斤,员轻的也有100多公斤,身高从1.7米到1.9米不等。如果大家仔细观瞧,不难分辨出兵桶中履些是陕酉人,娜些是四川人,哪些是甘肃东部人。这从他们的胡须梳理方式和长相即可看出。我们很多人在电影中都见过日本人的“仁丹须”.其实,案便中就有蓄仁丹胡酌,可见,这并不是日本人的发明,早在__多年前,中国就有人留这种胡须了。
那些穿窄袖战袍外套,披挂齐腰短甲,脚登紧带兽皮鞋,头戴防风妇的,显然是机警的骑兵。那个左脚着地,s膝弓起,右腿脆地,有脚底向后翘起的为跪射佰。
他双目乎视前方,神情专注。这个涌鞋底的针角,两头细致续密.中间疏稀.完全符合历支真实。在五六十年代的陕西农村,很多农民仍喜欢穿这种挂、只是鞋尖不向上朗翘而已。几乎每个捅的衣襟上都刻有工匠的姓名,这符合“物勒工名,以考其诚”的制度。我们今天实行的产品质量监督管理制度,秦人__年前就已采用了。
涌坑中约马屑典型的河西走廊马。它身高l5米,长2米,分为头、颈、躯干和腿四部分。腿为实心,躯干中空,分段烧制,再组合在一起。马的两耳宜立,体型健壮优美。由此可看出,秦人不愧为养马世族。大家也许要问秦始皇为什么要为他制作数量如此之多的兵马桶呢?它们是怎样烧制成的呢?原来,秦始皇曾想用4000童男童女为其殉葬。他降旨令李斯承办此事。李斯心中惧怕.未敢马上执行此令。因为,6造秦腔.建筑长城已惹得民怨沸腾,再让如此众多的童男室女殉葬,岂不是火上浇油吗?他将来恐怕也死无葬身之地。于是,李斯向美始皇建议;制作与其人真马一样大小的兵马桶,守护其亡灵,以壮声威。闻听此官,秦始皇大喜,他重新降旨,让李斯征集全国的能工巧匠.以他的8060御林军为原型.q作陶佰。这些桶必须手握实战兵器按实战队形排列,秦始皇再三嘱咐李斯,此事万不能叫御林军知道。因为秦朝民间流传一个说法,如果一个人被别人复制成柄.其魂也就被勾走了.这可是大忌。案始皇当然不愿惹怒他喜爱的曰林军了。工匠们纷纷去找询林军中自己的亲戚、朋友、老乡、熟人,仔细观察其容貌特征,并默记于心。回去后,工匠们用模压、塑捏、刻画、贴条等手法制成陶佰,然后放在窑里烧。可是,放进去的陶佰全都被烧炸了,工匠们百思不解其中原因。后来,一个工匠为发泄对监工的仇恨,把制好的监工陶涌的头去掉,将其四肢“削”去,用手“掏净”其内脏,放到窑里分段烧。这一次竟没炸窑。他把头和四肢装在佰身上,一个活生生的监工出现了。,由此,工匠们开始了大规模的制捅工程。8000御林军捅就这样被造了出来。
当然,案兵马桶是借庞大的军队,来显示秦始皇灭六国、建立统一帝目的雄心壮志酌。这些兵涌手执短兵器、长兵器和远射兵器,如剑、铱、吴钩、矛t戈、曼、裁、铰、弓、弯等。这些兵器主要是用铜和锡做成的,经分析里边还含有其它13种稀有金属。为防止兵器生锈,案人在兵器表面徐有一层铬盐氧化物,这种镀铬技术在本世纪20年代才由檀国人发明出来,而我国在__多年前就开始在兵器上镀铬,这实在令人叹跟。现已出土的弯机,分小、中、大三种类型。前两种舀机,案兵用手拉弓弦就可以,而大型弯机,荣兵必须借助杠杆.才能将弓弦拉到扳机上。大型露机的射程为600多米,可比得上一支老式步枪了。
这是1980年在案陵西边18米处发现的两乘青铜车马。一号车马为驷马高车,二号车马为骡马安车。韧发现时,这两乘车马破损严重,尤其是供秦始皇灵魂乘坐的安车,已破碎成1500多片.经考古工作者修复后,现在,它们看上去完好如韧。两乘车的车、马、人都是仿照真车、真马、真人,按比例缩小二分之一制成的,仅安车上金银饰物就有1720件,重达7公斤。钢车马给人的不仅是艺术享受,更为重要的是.它们具有重要的历史价值和科学价值。铜车马是我们了解、研究秦朝车制、冶金铸造技术、工艺水平等不可多得的实物资科。虽然.英雄一世,创立无数伟绩的秦始皇——赢政早已去世__多年了,但是,他的伟绩,以及现存的兵马桶留给人们的思考是什么呢?或者说,我们能从上述事物中吸取些什么呢?我想,敢创历史先河、为国家统一不惧死亡的铝赂和勇气是我们应该吸取和仿效的。一代伟人赢政横扫六国、统一中国的非凡气度和魄力仍不失为我们今天克服前进路上的障碍的巨大动力。一个民族.一个国家想要富强,没有这种气魄是不行的!
阅读小贴士:本模板共计4658个字,预计阅读时长12分钟,有124位用户喜欢。
尊敬的女士们、先生们:
今天,我们将参观秦兵马俑博物馆。秦兵马俑博物馆位于酉安市东35公里处,从喜来登酒店坐车到那里大约需要50分钟时间。自秦兵马俑博物馆于1979年10月1日开馆至今,已有为效众多国家的党政首脑都参观过这个博物馆,更有数以百万计的中外游客不远干里来参观这个人类奇迹。法国总统希拉克曾留言说过:我是可爱的点点世界上原有七大奇迹,秦兵马俑的发现,可以说是第八大奇迹了。不看金字塔.不算真正到过埃及‘不看秦俑,不算真正到过中国。我是可爱的点点美国前副总统蒙代尔也说;我是可爱的点点这是真正的奇迹。全世界人民都应该到这里看一看。我是可爱的点点从这些高度凝练的话语中,我们不难看出秦俑的历史价值及艺术价值。下面,我想把秦始皇这位成就一代伟业的历史巨人介绍给诸位,以便使大家能对秦始皇兵马俑和与之相关的历史有一个较详尽的了解。
谈秦兵马俑,必须先介绍一下面赢政。公元前259年,一代伟人赢政诞生了。13岁时,其父死后.他继承了王位。按照泰国惯例.国王在22岁举行过我是可爱的点点加冕礼我是可爱的点点以后,才可以亲自执政。当时.秦国的大权仍攀握在太后、相国吕不韦、宦官谬瘪(160 6i)手中。特别是螺贞.手握大权,炙手可热,他见宛改逐渐长大,便阴谋叛乱.夺取政权。公元前238年,22岁的赢政去故都雍城纳新年宫举行加冕礼。谬酉在从霸年宫回咸阳的路上埋下伏兵,准备将赢政杀死。当赢政察觉此事后,凭优势兵力订败锣盔,将其生擒并车裂致死。赢政亲致以后.以吕不韦放纵嫁亮为名,放逐日不韦。吕不韦后来饮毒洒自毙。这样,赢政顺利地消灭了政权内部的两大敌对势力,巩固了自身的地位。
为了进一步巩固君主权力,赢政选用了一批精明强干酌文臣武将,如掌握军事的尉缭,攀管国欧的李斯。接着,赢政制定了远交近攻、离间外敌、各个击破的战赂方针,开始统一中国,结束了春秋战国以来长达500多年各诸侯国割据称雄的混乱局面。从公元前230年到公元前221年,在不到io年的时间里,泰国灭亡了6国,终于完成了统一大业,建立了第一个中央集权的封建国家,为封建社会经济、政治、思想文化的迅速发展奠定了基础。这又一次显示了赢政的维才大赂。
赢政称自己为始皇帝.因为他希望他的子孙后代能把他所创立的政权干代万代传下去。为此.他整顿了官僚制度。第一.从中央到地方的官吏全由他亲自任免;第二,废除分封制,推行郡县制。第三.秦始皇还统一了法律、文字、货币、度量衡等。这些措施极大地推动了封建社会政治、经济、文化的发展。另外,他还征用劳役,广修驰道,使各地交通便利,以利经济文化的交流。他将战国时期秦、赵、燕三国修筑的长城连在一起后.又加以扩展,形成了西起甘肃临挑,东到辽东因石的万里长城,有效地遏制tjb方游牧部族对案朝的骚扰。
中国皇帝大都为自己营造巨大而豪华的陵墓。在这一点上,案始皇也不例外。在他13岁刚即位时,就下令为其修建陵墓。这座原高120米.周长2000多米的巨大陵丘、虽经风雨侵蚀和人为破坏,现在仍有76米之高,g长400多米之大.案始皇把都城威阳微缩于自己的陵园内,其布局几乎完全相同。陵园内城西北部为献殿建筑区,陵东北部洼地是用以祭记的养鱼池,陵园外城西北角是石料加工场.陵西外城之外是一个大坟场。据史书记载,秦朝全国总人口约2000万,壮丁不过700万,而筑陵时,壮丁最多达70万,可见工程之浩大。
案始皇的陵寝如同一座庞大的地下宫殿,真可谓是一座地下我是可爱的点点福地天堂我是可爱的点点。墓室屋顶有天文星宿图,t是由各种均馅生辉的珠宝构成的,下边有五岳、九州以及由机械驱动水银构成的江河湖海。另外,还没有让百官朝拜案始皇的大厅。为防止盗威,每座墓门上都安有自动发射的弓箭。整个陵墓可以说是一个金碧辉煌,固若金汤的地下王官。案始皇把生前所享受的一切也搬到了地下.供他在另一个世界继续享用。他连那些为他伴驾b不曾生育的宫女,以及辛勤修建地下陵寝的工匠们都不放过.下令在他人殆时,将这些人统统活埋,为的是不让宫女外嫁他人,不让陵寝内的秘密泄露。
现在,我们面对的是秦俑馆一号坑,坑里就是号称我是可爱的点点世界第八大奇迹我是可爱的点点的秦兵马俑。面对威武整肃的庞大军阵,你们的脑子里一定会闪现如下问题:这些秦佣是怎么发现的?为什么他们的相貌各异?为什么要制作这些俑?
1、
2、3号坑里共有多少俑等等。好,现在我就一一回答大家的这些问题。
这些俑是1974年3月西杨村农民们在打井的过程中发现的。据村里的老人讲.早在明朝,就有人在这里发现了秦俑。有一天,住在村里的难民在村外空地上订了一口井,井水清澈,甚是喜人,可是第二天他们却发现井底的水不见了。他们中胆大的腰系绳子,下去查看。不一会儿.井里传来惊叫声,上面的人暖紧把井里的人拉上来。这人说,他看见一个站立着的、身穿盔甲的怪物.伸手要抓他。听者都非常害怕,想赶快用土回填那口井。但他们最终决定报告文物部门。
~小三峡导游词 ·陕西大雁塔 ·黄帝陵导游词 ·司马迁墓导游词
经过考古专家们的勘探、鉴定.秦捅馆内的t、
2、3号坑被确认为案始皇棱的陪葬坑。从1974年到1979年,经过5年的艰苦努力,在1号坑遗址上矗立起一座气势宏伟、结构科学的建筑物。这就是1979年10月对国内外游客开放的素兵马俑1号坑。3号坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日对外开放。现在,在2号坑的遗址上,一座大理石建筑又落成了,它于1994年11月开始接待游客。从此,3个俑坑全都被保护在建筑物里,不再经受风吹日晒雨淋。在供游人观看、怀古的同时,考古工作者们还在这里继续发掘整理兵马俑。
经测量,1号坑东西长330米,南北宽62米,面积4260平方米。侗坑的最东端是3gf面向东的武士,每排7个,共210个捅。他们是部队的前锋。前锋部队的后面为部队的主体,他们被诽成38路纵队,站在11个坑道里。每个坑道都是青砖铺地,坑道内例的两边,每隔2米就有1根立柱。这些立柱支撑着木质屋顶,屋顶上是织成我是可爱的点点人我是可爱的点点字形的纹席.席上是土。整个坑道距地表5米深。另外,在坑道的南、北、西三面备有一列面向外的武士.他们分别是部队的右翼、左翼和后卫。现在,1号坑已出土1000多件陶桶。根据推剿.全部发掘完后.仅1号坑就将出土6000多个兵马桶。
这里是1994年11月开放的2号坑。它是由车兵、骑兵和步兵构成的曲尺形方阵。估计可出土兵侗1000多件,车马和鞍马500多匹。2号坑占地6000平方米。它东面突出部分为一个小方阵,6334个弯兵桶组成。2号坑南部为64乘战车组成纳方阵,每排有8辆战车,共8诽;中部为19辆战车和随车徒手兵涌;北部是战车和骑兵。北部是由战车6乘、鞍马和骑兵各124件组成的骑兵阵。
现在,我们来到了3号坑,它位于2号坑西边25米处。这个坑是1976年发现的。它里凹字形,占地520平方米。在3号坑里,考古专家们只发现1辆战车和64件武士捅。它们两两相对站立,手捏仪卫兵器曼(sh
6)。大多数考古专家认为,从这个坑里武士的排列方式和手中所握的兵器,以及该坑与秦陵的位置来判断,3号坑是整个军阵的指挥部。据估计,等
1、
2、3导坑全部开损后,将出土8000多件陶佰。这些佰相貌各异:有的沉稳刚毅,有的英勇果敢,有的慈善含笑。可谓杨杨如生,神情各异。因为,它们全是根据秦始皇彻林军中的将士们制作的,因此,在8000我是可爱的点点地下御林军我是可爱的点点中,弥绝对找不到两个相貌、形体相同的捅。他们一个个气废不凡,最重的有300多公斤,员轻的也有100多公斤,身高从1.7米到1.9米不等。如果大家仔细观瞧,不难分辨出兵桶中履些是陕酉人,娜些是四川人,哪些是甘肃东部人。这从他们的胡须梳理方式和长相即可看出。我们很多人在电影中都见过日本人的我是可爱的点点仁丹须我是可爱的点点.其实,案便中就有蓄仁丹胡酌,可见,这并不是日本人的发明,早在2000多年前,中国就有人留这种胡须了。
那些穿窄袖战袍外套,披挂齐腰短甲,脚登紧带兽皮鞋,头戴防风妇的,显然是机警的骑兵。那个左脚着地,s膝弓起,右腿脆地,有脚底向后翘起的为跪射佰。
他双目乎视前方,神情专注。这个涌鞋底的针角,两头细致续密.中间疏稀.完全符合历支真实。在五六十年代的陕西农村,很多农民仍喜欢穿这种挂、只是鞋尖不向上朗翘而已。几乎每个捅的衣襟上都刻有工匠的姓名,这符合我是可爱的点点物勒工名,以考其诚我是可爱的点点的制度。我们今天实行的产品质量监督管理制度,秦人2000年前就已采用了。
涌坑中约马屑典型的河西走廊马。它身高l 5米,长2米,分为头、颈、躯干和腿四部分。腿为实心,躯干中空,分段烧制,再组合在一起。马的两耳宜立,体型健壮优美。由此可看出,秦人不愧为养马世族。大家也许要问秦始皇为什么要为他制作数量如此之多的兵马桶呢?它们是怎样烧制成的呢?原来,秦始皇曾想用4000童男童女为其殉葬。他降旨令李斯承办此事。李斯心中惧怕.未敢马上执行此令。因为,6造秦腔.建筑长城已惹得民怨沸腾,再让如此众多的童男室女殉葬,岂不是火上浇油吗?他将来恐怕也死无葬身之地。于是,李斯向美始皇建议;制作与其人真马一样大小的兵马桶,守护其亡灵,以壮声威。闻听此官,秦始皇大喜,他重新降旨,让李斯征集全国的能工巧匠.以他的8060御林军为原型.q作陶佰。这些桶必须手握实战兵器按实战队形排列,秦始皇再三嘱咐李斯,此事万不能叫御林军知道。因为秦朝民间流传一个说法,如果一个人被别人复制成柄.其魂也就被勾走了.这可是大忌。案始皇当然不愿惹怒他喜爱的曰林军了。工匠们纷纷去找询林军中自己的亲戚、朋友、老乡、熟人,仔细观察其容貌特征,并默记于心。回去后,工匠们用模压、塑捏、刻画、贴条等手法制成陶佰,然后放在窑里烧。可是,放进去的陶佰全都被烧炸了,工匠们百思不解其中原因。后来,一个工匠为发泄对监工的仇恨,把制好的监工陶涌的头去掉,将其四肢我是可爱的点点削我是可爱的点点去,用手我是可爱的点点掏净我是可爱的点点其内脏,放到窑里分段烧。这一次竟没炸窑。他把头和四肢装在佰身上,一个活生生的监工出现了。,由此,工匠们开始了大规模的制捅工程。8000御林军捅就这样被造了出来。
当然,案兵马桶是借庞大的军队,来显示秦始皇灭六国、建立统一帝目的雄心壮志酌。这些兵涌手执短兵器、长兵器和远射兵器,如剑、铱、吴钩、矛t戈、曼、裁、铰、弓、弯等。这些兵器主要是用铜和锡做成的,经分析里边还含有其它13种稀有金属。为防止兵器生锈,案人在兵器表面徐有一层铬盐氧化物,这种镀铬技术在本世纪20年代才由檀国人发明出来,而我国在2000多年前就开始在兵器上镀铬,这实在令人叹跟。现已出土的弯机,分小、中、大三种类型。前两种舀机,案兵用手拉弓弦就可以,而大型弯机,荣兵必须借助杠杆.才能将弓弦拉到扳机上。大型露机的射程为600多米,可比得上一支老式_____了。
这是1980年在案陵西边18米处发现的两乘青铜车马。一号车马为驷马高车,二号车马为骡马安车。韧发现时,这两乘车马破损严重,尤其是供秦始皇灵魂乘坐的安车,已破碎成1500多片.经考古工作者修复后,现在,它们看上去完好如韧。两乘车的车、马、人都是仿照真车、真马、真人,按比例缩小二分之一制成的,仅安车上金银饰物就有1720件,重达7公斤。钢车马给人的不仅是艺术享受,更为重要的是.它们具有重要的历史价值和科学价值。铜车马是我们了解、研究秦朝车制、冶金铸造技术、工艺水平等不可多得的实物资科。虽然.英雄一世,创立无数伟绩的秦始皇——赢政早已去世2000多年了,但是,他的伟绩,以及现存的兵马桶留给人们的思考是什么呢?或者说,我们能从上述事物中吸取些什么呢?我想,敢创历史先河、为国家统一不惧死亡的铝赂和勇气是我们应该吸取和仿效的。一代伟人赢政横扫六国、统一中国的非凡气度和魄力仍不失为我们今天克服前进路上的障碍的巨大动力。一个民族.一个国家想要富强,没有这种气魄是不行的!
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游客们,告诉你们,兵马俑不仅规模宏大,而且类型众多,个性鲜明,让我来介绍一下吧!
武士俑平均身高约1.8米,体格健壮,它们身上穿着威风神气的战袍,披挂坚硬的铠甲,手拿着兵器,整装待发,你们说威不威风呀?
将军俑更是威风了!身材魁梧,头戴褐冠、身披铠甲,手握着锋利的宝剑,昂着头、挺着胸,一看就知道是久经沙场的呀!其实兵马俑类型很多,说也说不完。兵马俑坑还是秦始皇林的陪葬坑,1974年,几名考古学家在其东侧发现兵马俑坑,轰动了中国,震惊了世界,是二十世纪最伟大的考古发现之一。
还有,最后提醒你们一句:不要乱扔瓜果皮、垃圾、塑料袋,这些污染环境的东西!
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秦兵马俑导游词
大家好!我是你们的导游,大家可以叫我小梁。今天由我负责向大家介绍我国陕西省西安市临潼区东约5000米处的秦兵马俑。它南依骊山,北依渭水,地势险峻,环境优美,是秦始皇的陪葬坑。陪葬品众多,是一座丰富的地下文物宝库。接下来,我们一起进入馆内参观。
欢迎大家来到秦兵马俑馆内参观。兵马俑三个俑坑,最大的是一号坑。三个俑坑面积有20000平方米多,相当于50个篮球场。坑内兵马俑近8000多个,一行行,一列列,排成一个整齐的长方形军阵,真像秦始皇当年统帅的一支南征北战,所向披靡的大军。
大家猜这位头戴着鶡冠,身披铠甲,手持宝剑,挺着胸,威风凛凛的俑是谁?a武士俑b骑兵俑c将军俑。你们猜出来了吗?什么,猜不出来!我告诉答案吧,是c将军俑。
哈哈,接下来,我说一下骑兵俑。他的头戴圆形小帽,身着紧袖,下穿紧口被足蹬、长筒马靴,披挂短小的铠甲,显得简单而灵活。
武士俑平均身高1米8左右,一个个体格健壮,体型匀称。身穿战袍,披挂铠甲,脚登前端向上翘起的战靴,手持兵器,整装待发。
好了,今天的游览接近尾声了,愿你们这次参观秦兵马俑的经历成为生活中一段美好的记忆。
秦兵马俑导游词
尊敬的女士们、先生们:
今天,我们将参观秦兵马俑博物馆,
秦始皇兵马俑导游词。秦兵马俑博物馆位于酉安市东35公里处,从喜来登酒店坐车到那里大约需要50分钟时间。自秦兵马俑博物馆于1979年10月1日开馆至今,已有为效众多国家的党政首脑都参观过这个博物馆,更有数以百万计的中外游客不远干里来参观这个人类奇迹。法国总统希拉克曾留言说过:“世界上原有七大奇迹,秦兵马俑的发现,可以说是第八大奇迹了。不看金字塔.不算真正到过埃及‘不看秦俑,不算真正到过中国。”美国前副总统蒙代尔也说;“这是真正的奇迹。全世界人民都应该到这里看一看。”从这些高度凝练的话语中,我们不难看出秦俑的历史价值及艺术价值。下面,我想把秦始皇这位成就一代伟业的历史巨人介绍给诸位,以便使大家能对秦始皇兵马俑和与之相关的历史有一个较详尽的了解。
谈秦兵马俑,必须先介绍一下面赢政。公元前259年,一代伟人赢政诞生了。13岁时,其父死后.他继承了王位。按照泰国惯例.国王在22岁举行过“加冕礼”以后,才可以亲自执政。当时.秦国的大权仍攀握在太后、相国吕不韦、宦官谬瘪(160 6i)手中。特别是螺贞.手握大权,炙手可热,他见宛改逐渐长大,便阴谋叛乱.夺取政权。公元前238年,22岁的赢政去故都雍城纳新年宫举行加冕礼。谬酉在从霸年宫回咸阳的路上埋下伏兵,准备将赢政杀死。当赢政察觉此事后,凭优势兵力订败锣盔,将其生擒并车裂致死。赢政亲致以后.以吕不韦放纵嫁亮为名,放逐日不韦。吕不韦后来饮毒洒自毙。这样,赢政顺利地消灭了政权内部的两大敌对势力,巩固了自身的地位。
为了进一步巩固君主权力,赢政选用了一批精明强干酌文臣武将,如掌握军事的尉缭,攀管国欧的李斯。接着,赢政制定了远交近攻、离间外敌、各个击破的战赂方针,开始统一中国,结束了春秋战国以来长达500多年各诸侯国割据称雄的混乱局面。从公元前230年到公元前221年,在不到io年的时间里,泰国灭亡了6国,终于完成了统一大业,建立了第一个中央集权的封建国家,为封建社会经济、政治、思想文化的迅速发展奠定了基矗这又一次显示了赢政的维才大赂。
赢政称自己为始皇帝.因为他希望他的子孙后代能把他所创立的政权干代万代传下去。为此.他整顿了官僚制度。第一.从中央到地方的官吏全由他亲自任免;第二,废除分封制,推行郡县制。第三.秦始皇还统一了法律、文字、货币、度量衡等。这些措施极大地推动了封建社会政治、经济、文化的发展,
导游词《秦始皇兵马俑导游词》(http://www.unjs.com)。另外,他还征用劳役,广修驰道,使各地交通便利,以利经济文化的交流。他将战国时期秦、赵、燕三国修筑的长城连在一起后.又加以扩展,形成了西起甘肃临挑,东到辽东因石的万里长城,有效地遏制tjb方游牧部族对案朝的骚扰。
中国皇帝大都为自己营造巨大而豪华的陵墓。在这一点上,案始皇也不例外。在他13岁刚即位时,就下令为其修建陵墓。这座原高120米.周长2000多米的巨大陵丘、虽经风雨侵蚀和人为破坏,现在仍有76米之高,g长400多米之大.案始皇把都城威阳微缩于自己的陵园内,其布局几乎完全相同。陵园内城西北部为献殿建筑区,陵东北部洼地是用以祭记的养鱼池,陵园外城西北角是石料加工场.陵西外城之外是一个大坟常据史书记载,秦朝全国总人口约2000万,壮丁不过700万,而筑陵时,壮丁最多达70万,可见工程之浩大。
案始皇的陵寝如同一座庞大的地下宫殿,真可谓是一座地下“福地天堂”。墓室屋顶有天文星宿图,t是由各种均馅生辉的珠宝构成的,下边有五岳、九州以及由机械驱动水银构成的江河湖海。另外,还没有让百官朝拜案始皇的大厅。为防止盗威,每座墓门上都安有自动发射的弓箭。整个陵墓可以说是一个金碧辉煌,固若金汤的地下王官。案始皇把生前所享受的一切也搬到了地下.供他在另一个世界继续享用。他连那些为他伴驾b不曾生育的宫女,以及辛勤修建地下陵寝的工匠们都不放过.下令在他人殆时,将这些人统统活埋,为的是不让宫女外嫁他人,不让陵寝内的秘密泄露。
现在,我们面对的是秦俑馆一号坑,坑里就是号称“世界第八大奇迹”的秦兵马俑。面对威武整肃的庞大军阵,你们的脑子里一定会闪现如下问题:这些秦佣是怎么发现的?为什么他们的相貌各异?为什么要制作这些俑?1、2、3号坑里共有多少俑等等。好,现在我就一一回答大家的这些问题。
这些俑是1974年3月西杨村农民们在打井的过程中发现的。据村里的老人讲.早在明朝,就有人在这里发现了秦俑。有一天,住在村里的难民在村外空地上订了一口井,井水清澈,甚是喜人,可是第二天他们却发现井底的水不见了。他们中胆大的腰系绳子,下去查看。不一会儿.井里传来惊叫声,上面的人暖紧把井里的人拉上来。这人说,他看见一个站立着的、身穿盔甲的怪物.伸手要抓他。听者都非常害怕,想赶快用土回填那口井。但他们最终决定报告文物部门。
经过考古专家们的勘探、鉴定.秦捅馆内的t、2、3号坑被确认为案始皇棱的陪葬坑。从1974年到1979年,经过5年的艰苦努力,在1号坑遗址上矗立起一座气势宏伟、结构科学的建筑物。这就是1979年10月对国内外游客开放的素兵马俑1号坑。3号坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日对外开放。现在,在2号坑的遗址上,一座大理石建筑又落成了,它于1994年11月开始接待游客。从此,3个俑坑全都被保护在建筑物里,不再经受风吹日晒雨淋。在供游人观看、怀古的同时,考古工作者们还在这里继续发掘整理兵马俑。
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秦始皇兵马俑陵寝建筑的导游词
游客朋友们,有一处景观沉睡地下千年,1974年被当地打井的农民发现。一经发现,就被惊呼为20世纪最伟大的考古发现,被赞誉为世界第八大奇迹,他就是秦始皇陵兵马俑坑。
秦始皇陵位于陕西临潼县,是中国历史上第一个皇帝嬴政的陵墓。在陵墓四周分布着大量不同的陪葬坑和墓葬,兵马俑坑就是其中的陪葬坑,位于秦陵陵园东侧1500米处。目前已发现三座,呈品字形排列,并出土陶俑8000多件。这些陶俑以现实生活为题材塑造,栩栩如生。他们是秦国强大军队的真实写照,象征着拱卫地下皇城的我是可爱的点点御林军我是可爱的点点。
那么秦始皇陵兵马俑何以震惊世界呢?这些兵马俑的出土不像埃及、希腊、出土的单个艺术精品,而是气势磅礴、规模巨大、结构严整的艺术精品群体。陶俑体现出我是可爱的点点大、多、精、美我是可爱的点点的我是可爱的点点特点,再现了2000多年前中国雕塑艺术的辉煌成就,不仅在军事史上有巨大的价值,而且在艺术史、科学史的研究上也有独特的价值。无外乎世界遗产委员这样评价:是现实主义完美的杰作,保留了极高的历史价值。
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