介绍北京的导游词

第1篇 介绍北京的导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计400个字，预计看完需要1分钟，共有206位用户收藏，15人推荐！

游客们，你们好，欢迎大家来到美丽的北京香山游览，我是你们的导游，大家就叫我小华就可以了，今天将由我带你们去欣赏一番香山的美景。那大家都跟我走吧，前面就是香山公园。

现在我们来到这个地方就是香山公园的东大门了，这里有两条道路是提供给游客行走的，在我们左边的就是上山的路，在右边的是去看景区的道路，不过今天我们要走的是右边的路，现在大家就跟着我走吧。大家直接往前面一直走，就来到了香山饭点，这里很多人应该就知道了，那我就不介绍了。再往前面就是松林餐厅，等会儿中午的时候，我们就会在这里吃午饭。接下来，我们就到了有名的双清别墅，大家赶紧跟我往前走，大家看这里的主席的床是不是很有意思，一边高一边低是不是。

在香山可看的地方非常的多，接下来就是大家自由活动的时间了，我也和大家说一下该注意的地方，首先不要乱扔垃圾，文明旅游，然后坐缆车的时候一定要注意安全，最后危险的地方一定不要乱闯。

好了，希望大家都可以玩得开心!

第2篇 介绍北京的导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计700个字，预计看完需要2分钟，共有284位用户收藏，25人推荐！

各位游客，您们好，让我给大家介绍美丽的圆明园吧!

圆明园位于北京市西郊，海淀区东部。原为清代一座大型皇家御苑，占地约5200亩，平面布局呈倒置的品字形，圆明园由圆明、长春、绮春三园组成，总面积达350公顷。

它的陆上建筑面积和故宫一样大，水域面积又等于一个颐和园。圆明园汇集了当时江南若干名园胜景的特点，融中国古代造园艺术之精华，以园中之园的艺术手法，将诗情画意融化于千变万化的景象之中。

圆明园的南部为朝廷区，是皇帝处理公务之所。其余地区则分布着40个景区，其中有50多处景点直接模仿外地的名园胜景，如杭州西湖十景，不仅模仿建筑，连名字也照搬过来。更有趣的是，圆明园中还建有西式园林景区。最有名的观水法，是一座西洋喷泉，还有万花阵迷宫以及西洋楼等，都具有意大利文艺复兴时期的风格。在湖水中还有一个威尼斯城模型，皇帝坐在岸边山上便可欣赏万里之外的水城风光。

圆明园是一座珍宝馆，里面藏有名人字画、秘府典籍、钟鼎宝器、金银珠宝等稀世文物，集中了古代文化的精华。圆明园也是一座异木奇花之园，名贵花木多达数百万株。完整目睹过圆明园的西方人把她称为万园之园。

的确，如果今天还和140年前一样，这座超巨型园林就是当之无愧的世界园林之 王了。遗憾的是，1860年英法联军和1920__年八国联军两次洗劫圆明园，园中的建筑被烧毁，文物被劫掠，奇迹和神话般的圆明园变成一片废墟，只剩断垣残壁，供人凭吊。

新中国成立后，我国十分重视对圆明园遗址的重修和报护工作，实施了三期整修工程。现在你们所参观的是重修后的圆明园。

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，下面给大家2小时自由参观的时间，请大家不要在墙上乱涂乱画，保护文化遗产，希望大家玩的愉快。

介绍北京圆明园的导游词范文

第3篇 介绍北京的导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计518个字，预计看完需要2分钟，共有162位用户收藏，23人推荐！

你们好！我叫许诚，是你们导游，大家可以叫我许导，也可以叫我小许。我们即将游览的是颐和园。

颐和园是清代皇家园林，是我国重点文物单位，已被列入《世界遗产名录》。

颐和园位于北京的西北郊，其前身清漪园始建于1750年，1764年建成，1860年被英法联军焚毁。1886年，慈禧太后挪有海军经费和其他款项重建，并与1888年改为颐和园。1900年，颐和园又遭八国联军严重破坏，1902年再次修复。好了，咱们现在开始游览吧。

我们首先要来到最有名的长廊。大家看，绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，多美呀！这条长廊有700多米，分为273间，每件横槛上都有画。你们相信吗？上千幅的画没有哪两幅是相同的

现在我们在万寿山脚下，抬头仰望，那座八角宝塔形的建筑，就是佛香阁。下面一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。上万寿山吧！

现在我们已经登上了万寿山，是欣赏颐和园全景的最佳位置。正前面就是昆明湖，有人常说它像一面镜子，像一块碧玉。不知你们是否有同感。下面就去昆明湖吧。

看，昆明湖多大，但堤岸更长。看见那/个小岛了吗/？我们走过长长的石桥就可以到到上玩。请大家仔细数数这座桥的桥洞，一共有十七个桥洞所以叫十七孔桥。桥柱上的石狮子姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的。

另外，还有月波楼，石舫等。我说也说不仅，请你们自己慢慢游赏吧！

第4篇 介绍北京的导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计652个字，预计看完需要2分钟，共有194位用户收藏，15人推荐！

亲爱的游客朋友们，现在我们乘坐的是巴士四号汽车前往北京，观赏世界历史文化遗产之一长城。很荣幸成为大家的导游。如果有什么问题，可以请教我。大家下车后一定要记住我们的车牌号，按规定时间返回。祝大家旅行愉快。

现在我先给大家介绍一下长城吧!长城是修筑在陡峭的山岭之间，它从东头的山海关一直修筑到西头的嘉峪关，全长共有一万三千多公里。它是中华人民力量和智慧的结晶，它是中华民族即将腾飞的巨龙的象征。游客们，我们的车已经停到八达岭上了。请看正前面有一块(儿)石碑，上面有八达岭几个红字，大家可以把它拍下来，做为一个到八达岭的留念。

游客们，我们来到了长城的脚下。请大家低头看看脚下，它是由一块块灰色的巨砖砌成的，十分平整，五六匹马也可以并行。让我们抬起头来，长城就像蜿蜒的巨龙卧在连绵起伏的崇山峻岭之间雄伟壮观。八达岭长城共有六个烽火台。烽火台共有三个门，其中中间一个最大，它的上面有许多小方块围成的一个正方形。古代时，在那里点火，表示那里有危险。这些烽火台可以在两至三个小时之间将情报传到数千里以外的地方。烽火台分两层，上层是眺望台，下层是士兵吃饭和睡觉的地方，可见烽火台在当时的军事中着多么重要的作用啊!

游客们，再往下走我们就到好汉坡了，好汉坡是指只有好汉才能登上的险坡，是八达岭的必经之路，让我们go!

经过好汉坡，就到峰顶了。游客们，当我们站在峰顶看看这前不见头，后不见尾的巨龙的时候，真为我国古代劳动人民的无比智慧感到自豪和骄傲吧!

我们的长城之旅到此为止，希望大家有时间还来长城，也希望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象!byebye!

第5篇 介绍北京的导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计378个字，预计看完需要1分钟，共有164位用户收藏，23人推荐！

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

什刹海景区范围大体是什刹海景区位于北京城区中轴线的西北部，东起地安门外大街北侧;南自地安门西大街向西至龙头井向西北接柳荫街、羊房胡同、新街口东街到新街口北大街，西自新街口北大街向北到新街口豁口;北自新街口豁口向东到德胜门，由德胜门沿鼓楼西大街到钟、鼓楼。

什刹海景区历史文化积淀深厚，有文物保护单位40余处，占西城区的三分之一以上。历史上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座，现仍尚存10几处。什刹海34公顷的水面十分自然地融入城市街区之中，依托水体，还有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成为什刹海频具特色自然景观。号称“燕京小八景”之一的“银锭观山”在景区中具有典型意义。什刹海景区具有大量典型的胡同和四合院，如金丝套地区的大、小金丝胡同，南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鸦儿胡同以及白米斜街、烟袋斜街等。

介绍北京什刹海的导游词范文

第6篇 介绍北京的导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计2747个字，预计看完需要7分钟，共有181位用户收藏，30人推荐！

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游__。

1992年，在“北京旅游世界之最”的评定中，专家学者对十三陵的判定语为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20__年7月，明十三陵被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》明清皇家陵寝的扩展项目。《世界遗产名录》对它的评价如下：“明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续了500余年的世界观和权力观。”

(明成祖朱棣)

十三陵的第一个陵是长陵，从永乐七年(公元1409)动工兴建，到永乐十一年(公元l413)玄宫告成。长陵位于天寿山丰峰南面，它是永乐帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。

明成祖朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，生于元至正二十年(1360)，明洪武三年(130)封为燕王，洪武十三年(1380)就藩北平。建文元年(1399)朱棣发动“靖难之役”，建文四年(1420)继承皇位，第二年改元永乐。其较突出的历史功绩有：主持编撰《永乐大典》和派遣郑和下西洋。中国被收入《世界遗产名录》的文化古迹中，有4项是朱棣开创奠基的，他们是北京故宫，北京天坛，北京明十三陵，湖北武当山道教古建筑群。皇后徐氏，是开国功臣中山王徐达的长女。永乐五年(公元1420__年)七月四日病逝，永乐十一年(公元1420__年)，首先被葬入长陵，她是葬入十三陵的第一人。长陵是明十三陵中规模宏大，营建时间最长，保存的最好的一座陵。

(长陵布局：长陵祾恩殿)

长陵陵园平面布局为“前方后圆”形制。“前方”，是三进深院落：第一深进院落大门为陵门，单檐歇山顶宫门式建筑，门内明朝时东建有神厨，西建有神库，神厨前有碑亭一座，神厨，神库均毁于清朝中期，碑亭尚存;第二进深院落大门为祾恩门，单檐歇山顶。门内即祾恩殿，面阔九间进深五间，重檐庑殿顶。祾恩殿是供奉帝后神位和举行祭祀活动的场所。“祾”是“祭而受福”，“恩”是“罔极之恩”的意思。长陵祾恩殿是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完整的祾恩殿。殿内有60根金丝楠木柱，当中4根柱的直径在l米以上，是我国保存最好的楠木大殿，十分珍贵;第三进深院落大门为棂星门，门内有两柱牌楼门和石几筵。“后圆”即指永乐帝的陵墓，它由宝城，宝山，方城，明楼组成。宝城状如圆形城堡，宝城围起来的土山]宝山，宝山下为玄宫。宝城正前方建方城，方城之上为重檐歇山顶明楼。明楼是每座陵墓的标志，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。原碑刻着朱棣原来的庙号“太宗”，后来世宗嘉靖七年(公元1528)改太宗为成祖，但没能换石碑，只是用木雕镶在成祖的石碑上。明楼内立“圣号碑”碑首为“大明”，下刻“成祖文皇帝之陵”7个字。

长陵陵园还辖有东，西井。东井在德陵馒头山的南面，西井在定陵西北。“井”内葬有被赐死的殉葬宫妃。

明长陵位于北京市昌平区怀长路上，处在天寿山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大，营建时间最早，地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。长陵于永乐七年(1420__年)开始修建，永乐十三年(1420__年)完工。现存建筑有宝城、明楼、石五供、两柱牌楼门、祾恩殿、祾恩门、碑亭以及三进院落的宫墙和因墙而设的陵门、角门等。地宫未发掘，同时没有被盗墓记录。长陵目前对公众开放。

明长陵位于北京市昌平县境内，距北京故宫五十公里。陵区南起石牌坊，北倚天寿山主峰。四面环山，绿树丛丛。南面又有龙虎两山左右对峙，势如门户。当中奔流不息的山水自西向东而去，好似天然的护陵河。南北贯通的高速路似一条巨龙连接着长陵至故宫。

明长陵为十三陵之首，永乐皇帝和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。是永乐皇帝建北京皇宫(故宫)的第三年(公元1420__年)自建的“寿宫”。陵园规模宏大，用料严格考究，施工精细，工程浩繁，营建时日旷久，仅地下宫殿就历时四年。

明长陵陵恩殿是嗣皇帝祭祀永乐帝后的场所，建筑在汉白玉雕刻成的三层台基上，金砖铺地。殿面阔九间(66.56米)，进深五间(29.12米)，象征着皇帝“__”之位。所有木件全用金丝楠木为之，古色古香。一米多直径，十几米高的六十根金丝楠木大柱，承托着二千三百平方米的重檐庑殿顶，雄伟壮观、举世无双。最粗的一根重檐金柱，高12.58米，底径达到1.124米，为世间罕见佳木。殿中端坐于九龙宝座之上的永乐皇帝铜像，形象逼真，做工精湛考究，此造像是巨上精美绝伦的艺术佳作。此外陈列着明陵地宫出土文物数百件，播放1956年发掘地宫的实况录像，帮助游人解开地宫之谜。

明长陵，建筑最早、面积最大、规模最宏伟、工艺用料最考究、原建筑保护最完整。历经六百年沧桑，仍完好无损，金碧辉煌。它早已被公布为全国第一秕重点文物保护单位。它不权以其宏大的古建筑和辉煌的艺术成就，丰富的历史文化内涵，吸引着每年数以百万计的中外游人和各界专家学者，而且永乐皇帝是世界上赫赫有名的一代有作为的皇帝，所以长陵又是世界最有名的旅游胜地之一。

景区

祾恩门

《太常续考》等文献记载，天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”，殿门名之为“祾恩门”，始于嘉靖十七年(1538年)，是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中，“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意，“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意，长陵棱恩门，为单檐歇山顶形制，面阔五间(通阔31.44米)，进深二间(通深14.37米)，正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式，其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状，与宋清做法俱不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道，稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额，书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制，为龙凤雕饰的望柱，和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下，各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美：下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌，海水中宝山矗立，两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾，追逐火珠，呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。

陵宫建筑

长陵的陵宫建筑，占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分，由前后相连的三进院落组成。第一进院落，前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑，面阔显五间，檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台，左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内，明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间，神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期，碑亭则保存至今。

介绍北京明十三陵的导游词范文

第7篇 介绍北京的导游词

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各位来宾朋友：大家好!欢迎大家来到北京的故宫，我是你们的导游莹莹，今天就由我带领大家一起游北京故宫。

我先介绍一下故宫的概况。

故宫建于北京的中央，以南北为中轴线，座北朝南，充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想。故宫城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，真是城城包围!

历史上，故宫因火灾或者其它原因，曾多次的重建，但基本格局没有改变，主要分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英两殿为两翼，是皇帝上朝接受朝贺、接见群臣和举行大型典礼的地方。内廷有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园及两侧分列的东西六宫，是封建皇帝进行日常活动和后妃皇子居住游玩及奉神的地方。

广场南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座，规格等级仅次于太和殿，面阔9间，进深5间，重檐歇山顶，翼角置走兽9个，内外檐均施金龙和玺彩画，菱花梧扇，生落在高大的汉白玉"三台"之上。

我的讲解到此为止了，祝大家游玩愉快!

第8篇 介绍北京的导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计674个字，预计看完需要2分钟，共有223位用户收藏，19人推荐！

亲爱的游客朋友们，现在我们乘坐的是巴士四号汽车前往北京，观赏世界历史文化遗产之一——长城。很荣幸成为大家的导游。如果有什么问题，可以请教我。大家下车后一定要记住我们的车牌号，按规定时间返回。祝大家旅行愉快。

现在我先给大家介绍一下长城吧!长城是修筑在陡峭的山岭之间，它从东头的山海关一直修筑到西头的嘉峪关，全长共有一万三千多公里。它是中华人民力量和智慧的结晶，它是中华民族即将腾飞的巨龙的象征。游客们，我们的车已经停到八达岭上了。请看正前面有一块(儿)石碑，上面有八达岭几个红字，大家可以把它拍下来，做为一个到八达岭的留念。

游客们，我们来到了长城的脚下。请大家低头看看脚下，它是由一块块灰色的巨砖砌成的，十分平整，五六匹马也可以并行。让我们抬起头来，长城就像蜿蜒的巨龙卧在连绵起伏的崇山峻岭之间雄伟壮观。八达岭长城共有六个烽火台。烽火台共有三个门，其中中间一个最大，它的上面有许多小方块围成的一个正方形。古代时，在那里点火，表示那里有危险。这些烽火台可以在两至三个小时之间将情报传到数千里以外的地方。烽火台分两层，上层是眺望台，下层是士兵吃饭和睡觉的地方，可见烽火台在当时的军事中着多么重要的作用啊!

游客们，再往下走我们就到“好汉坡”了，“好汉坡”是指只有好汉才能登上的险坡，是八达岭的必经之路，让我们go!

经过好汉坡，就到峰顶了。游客们，当我们站在峰顶看看这前不见头，后不见尾的巨龙的时候，真为我国古代劳动人民的无比智慧感到自豪和骄傲吧!

我们的长城之旅到此为止，希望大家有时间还来长城，也希望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象!byebye!

第9篇 介绍北京的导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计498个字，预计看完需要2分钟，共有168位用户收藏，30人推荐！

你们看，我们来到了雄伟的故宫，故宫又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫;故宫是世界上规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我们国家最大的古建筑群。它使建于明永乐(公元14xx年)，xx年才完工呢，有24位皇帝在此登基。“好了，我们现在准备去大殿里，请游客朋友们跟上队伍，千万别掉队，否则走丢了，就找不到我们了!”好，现在跟随我进入大殿，故宫有三座大殿：太和殿，中和殿和保和殿。大殿建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话的琼宫仙阙。太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇上举行大典的地方，这座殿高28米，东西63米，西北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6根围绕御座的沥粉金漆的潘龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型，美观的仙鹤，炉，鼎，后面精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇上去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方，保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外潘王公的场所。游客朋友们先休息一下，观赏下这三个大殿，可以摸一摸，等下我们去内延，以乾清宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫为中心，东西两翼有东六宫和西六宫，是皇上平日办事和妃子居住的地方。“好，今天的活动到此结束!祝大家玩得开心”

第10篇 介绍北京的导游词

阅读小贴士：本篇共计6188个字，预计看完需要16分钟，共有101位用户收藏，15人推荐！

he ming tombs are 40 kilometers north of beijing city on the southernslopes of tianshou mountain. they are the burial grounds of 13 ming dynastyemperors. in july 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby unesco.

empress xu died in the 5th year of yongle (1407). zhu di sent

zhao hong, secretary of the ministry of rites and a geomancer----liaojunqing along with many others to beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. it is said that this group of people first selected the area of tujia ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. next they selected the foot of yangshan mountain, changping.however, since the surname of the emperor (zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. later, they found yan-jiatai west of beijing. again,since yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. it was not until the 7th year of yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present heavenly longevity mountain as their cemetery grounds.

the whole area covers 40 square kilometers. it has mountains to its east,west and north, and dragon mountain and tiger mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. the 13 tombs go from north to south. they are arranged in themanner of the imperial palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. in front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. the precious city and ming tower stand over theunderground palace.

there were 16 emperors during the ming dynasty. buried in the ming tombs,are 13 ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. the other 3 emperors, emperor zhu yuanzhang, zhu yunwenand zhu qiyu are buried in other locations.

the founder of the ming dynasty, zhu yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day nanjing where he was buried after his death. his tomb is calledxiaoling (tomb of filial piety).

the body of the second emperor of the ming, zhu yunwen, is missing. somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. there is no final conclusion yet.

the seventh ming emperor zhu qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother zhu qizhen at jinshankou, a western suburb of beijing, because in thetumubao upheaval, emperor zhu qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofzhu qizhen. zhu qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later zhu qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the seizing gate upheaval.

the memorial arch was built in the 19th year of jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the ming tombs. it is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. the memorial arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. the major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. in addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the ming craftsmen.

the big palace gate is the front gate of the ming tombs, and is morecommonly known as big red gate. facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the ming tombs. flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. if they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. the rules governing the ming tombs in the mingdynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

the tablet house was built in the 10th year of xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. a huge tablet stands in the middleof the tablet house. the front side bears an inscription by emperor renzong forchengzu. the reverse side is a poem by qing emperor qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken changling, yongling, dingling and xiling. on theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the ming tombs by the qinggovernment. on the west side is an epitaph by qing emperor jiaqing. it waswritten in the 9th year of jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe ming dynasty.

on the north side of the tablet house, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). behind the house, there are two stone pillars. beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. lions, xie zhi, camels, elephants, and qi linhorses .all of the animals are in two pairs. two stand, while the other twokneel. it is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. these stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of xuande (1435). they reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. the animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

here stands ling xing gate, also known as the unique dragon and phoenixgate, with the meaning of the gate of heaven. the gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. the top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theflame archway. to the north of the dragon and phoenix gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of changling. to the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

actually we are standing on the axle line of the ming tombs, otherwiseknown as the sacred way or the tomb path. we passed the memorial arch, the bigpalace gate, the tablet house, sacred way, stone animals and statues, and lingxing gate. this seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the gate of changling.

now, we are moving to chang ling. changling is the first tomb built in theming tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing emperor zhu di and hisempress xu.

zhu di (chengzu) of the ming dynasty was the fourth son of the firstemperor zhu yuanzhang, born in 1360. zhu di was conferred the title of theprince of yan in the 3rd year of hongwu (1370). he was appointed at beiping.after the death of zhu yuanzhang (the first ming emperor), zhu di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of emperor jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to nanjing. he seized the throne in the 4th year ofjianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in june inside the hall of ancestralworship in nanjing. zhu di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theming dynasty. as soon as he became the prince of yan, he led the generals out tobattle. he had great achievements in calming down the north. after he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the ming dynasty. he made the importantdecision to move the capital to beijing. during the rule of zhu di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. in terms ofculture, zhu di successively sent grand academician xie jin, yan guangxiao andothers to compile the yongle encyclopedia. the book has become the largest bookever complied in chinese history. for expanding external exchanges and trade,zhu di selected eunuch zheng he to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast asia and africa seven times in theearly years of yongle.

empress xu was buried together with emperor zhu di in changling. empressxushi was the eldest daughter of xu da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe ming dynasty. throughout her lifespan, xu shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. she was the very first one to be buried in changling and in the ming tombarea.

the hall of eminent favor in changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. it is a valuable relic of ancient chinas wooden structures. itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in china. theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. the hall is supported by 60 thick nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. it is known as the best nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

now we are going to dinging. dingling is located at the east foot of dayumountain. buried here are the 13th ming emperor wanli (zhu yijun) and his twoempresses xiaoduan and xiaojing. zhu yijun was the longest on the throne of theming emperors. (he was emperor for 48 years). he was the greediest and laziestemperor in the ming dynasty. zhu yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.after he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister zhang juzheng. atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

later ,zhang juzheng died of illness. not long after wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. he spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombdingling. after the dingling was completed, zhu yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. he went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the underground palace, which was unheard of in history.

zhu yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. the stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. later generationscommented that the fall of the ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

zhu yijun had two empresses. empress xiaojing was originally a maid ofwanlis mother cisheng. later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. that sonwas the one-month emperor guangzong (zhu changluo). she died of illness 9 yearsearlier than shenzong died. she was buried as a concubine at pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the heavenly longevity mount. after xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the undergroundpalace of dingling, and buried together with emperor wanli and empress xiaoduanon the same day. xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. xiaoduan died ofillness. a hundred days later, emperor wanli (zhu yijun) died too. empressxiaoduan, emperor wanli, and empress xiaojing were buried together in theunderground palace.

the tablet in front of dingling has no words on it. it is called thewordless tablet. there is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. its base is composed of a tortoise (bixi). itis said that the dragon has nine sons. in twelve of the ming tombs, excludingchangling, all the tablets are wordless. originally there were no tablet housesin front of the tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. but the emperor jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. consequently the six tablets are wordless. and in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

now we are arriving at the gate of eminent favor and the hall of eminentfavor of dingling, the hall of eminent favor is also called hall of enjoyment.it was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. they were mostly destroyed when the qing soldiers came. and they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the underground palace. the exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. in thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of emperor wanli unearthedfrom the underground palace. in the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. all of then are fancy and invaluable.

now we arrive at the soul tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. it is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. the soul tower and theprecious citadel of dingling have never been damaged seriously. the soul toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of dingling. on top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the soul tower sits a big stone tablet. two chinesecharacters----dingling, are carved on the tablet. inside the soul tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the great ming writtenin seal characters. on the body of the tablet, seven chinese characters-----tombof emperor shenzong xian are carved. the soul tower is connected with theprecious citadel. the precious citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.the precious citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. the round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as precious top.

dingling is the only ming tomb to be excavated. formal excavation workstarted in may 1956 and ended in 1958. first, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the precious citadel ofdingling. so they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the soul tower, theydug the second tunnel. during the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theunderground palace.

according to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. at last they got to the precious wall. thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. to the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. the working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. withthis method, they opened the entrance of the underground palace.

the palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy altogether there are five chambers. the chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. the underground palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. there is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. the door is made of marble. the biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. it looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. the pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. on top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

the front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. thefloor is covered with gold bricks. according to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. the more you polish them, the brighter they become. thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. in the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for emperor wanli and his two empresses, known asthe precious thrones. in the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of jiajing years style with acloud-and-dragon design. it is about 0.7 meters in diameter. originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. on the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. it is called the everlasting lamp. due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

the rear chamber is the biggest of the three. it is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. in therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. placed on theplatform are the coffins of emperor wanli and his two empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

in the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called gold well. putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. ancientpeople believed gold well was the pit of geomancy. it could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. being buried with jade on a gold well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? in 1620, first empress xiaoduan died in april, then in july emperorwanli also died. after that, the son of zhu changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. in only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. in addition they had removed empress xiaojings coffin to dingling.all the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned emperor zhuyoujian. the preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). the rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. so the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the underground palace through the front entrance. after the coffinsentered the underground palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. so they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

now please follow me out of the underground palace. and our tour for todayis completed. i hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.we now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. thank you.